Understanding how tissue remodeling affects airway responsiveness is of key importance, but experimental data bearing on this issue remain scant. We used lung explants to investigate the effects of enzymatic digestion on the rate and magnitude of airway narrowing induced by acetylcholine. To link the observed changes in narrowing dynamics to the degree of alteration in tissue mechanics, we comp...

The pathogenesis of late-onset TH2-low asthma in obesity is thought to be related to weight-related decreases in lung volume, but why only a subset of individuals with obesity develop this condition is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that natural variations in both airway wall stiffness and airway wall thickness could lead to a subpopulation of hyperresponsive individuals exhibiting the sympt...

the widespread use of sulfur mustard  (sm) as a chemical warfare agent in the  past century has proved its long-lasting toxic effects. despite a lot of research over the past decades on iranian veterans, there are still major gaps in the sm literature. transforming growth  factor  (tgf-β),  a  cytokine  that  affects  many  different  cell processes,  has  an important role in the lungs of pati...

Symmetric airways bifurcation corresponding to generation 12-23 of Weible’s model will be investigated through numerical simulation. Parent’s airway segment is modeled as a smooth circular tube while the child segment is to be considered as asthmatic airway bifurcations. The effect of size of the lumen area and number of folds on particle deposition and pressure drop will be investigated. The p...

Airway hyperresponsiveness as “a morbid sensitiveness of the bronchial tubes, exalting a stimulant that should not be a stimulant” (16) has gone into its 3rd century. There is general consensus that this propensity to (more severe) airway narrowing should be regarded as a clinically relevant, functional characteristic that is central to our understanding of asthma. Multiple generations of outst...

Airway closure is a surface-tension-driven phenomenon that occurs when the ratio of pulmonary liquid layer thickness to airway radius exceeds certain threshold. In previous studies, it has been found epithelial cells can be lethally or sub-lethally damaged due high peak wall stresses and stress gradients during plug formation. We, in present study, demonstrate these are also related elastovisco...

Introduction: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a safe method to establish airway control during general anaesthesia. In otolaryngology surgery, the use of a LMA is well established in ear surgery; however, the use of a LMA during open neck procedures remains controversial. We report a case in which the pharyngeal distortion by the LMA cuff resulted in an iatrogenic complication.   Case Report...

The role of breathing and deep inspirations (DI) in modulating airway hyperresponsiveness remains poorly understood. In particular, DIs are potent bronchodilators of constricted airways in nonasthmatic subjects but not in asthmatic subjects. Additionally, length fluctuations (mimicking DIs) have been shown to reduce mean contractile force when applied to airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and tis...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of the GlideRite stylet with the conventional malleable stylet (CMS) in endotracheal intubation (ETI) by the Macintosh laryngoscope. METHODS This study is a randomized, crossover, simulation study. Participants performed ETI using both the GlideRite stylet and the CMS in a normal airway model and a tongue edema model (simulated difficult airway resulting...