[1] We quantified canopy transpiration (EC) using sap flux measurements representing the four major forest types (northern hardwoods, conifer, aspen/fir, and forested wetland) around the WLEF-TV tall tower in northern Wisconsin. In order to scale individual sap flux measurements to EC, we quantified the amount of sapwood area per unit ground area and the spatial distribution of sap flux within ...

Plant species establishment and survival along environmental gradients have commonly been attributed to different environmental niches, life-history and adaptive traits [1]. Effective phenotype adaptation of alder species to extreme soil conditions allows them to form canopy-closed forest vegetation on alluvial and marshland localities. Alder forests represent azonal plant communities developed...

Herein we disclose the radical cation Diels–Alder reaction of aryl vinyl ethers by electrocatalysis, which is triggered by an oxidative SET process. The reaction clearly proceeds in a stepwise fashion, which is a rare mechanism in this class. We also found that two distinctive pathways, including “direct” and “indirect”, are possible to construct the Diels–Alder adduct. Introduction Umpolung, a...

Dimeric forms of norbornadiene and benzonorbornadiene were synthesized starting with known monobromide derivatives. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of dimers with TCNE and PTAD was investigated and new norbornenoid polycyclics were obtained. All compounds were characterized properly using NMR spectroscopy.

Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings were planted in northwestern Oregon, U.S.A., at five initial spacings: 0.6 × 1.2 m, 1.2 × 1.2 m, 1.2 × 1.8 m, 1.8 × 1.8 m, and 2.5 × 2.5 m. Up to about age 10, tree and stand characteristics were correlated primarily with initial planting density in the expected manner; through age 20, however, tree growth and stand development in plots planted at rectang...

Occurrence of Anthocoris tomentosus Péricart, A. antevolens White, A. whitei Reuter, and Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) in non-orchard habitats is described for areas adjacent to the pear growing regions of Yakima, WA. The four species were found on a number of tree and shrub species, especiallywillow, cottonwood, oak, alder, aspen, poplar, andbitterbrush. The four predators differed in degree of s...

the effect of european black alder (alnus glutinosa l.) on the contents of carbon and nitrogen,exchangeable base cations, and plant available forms of phosphorus in the reclaimed mine soils formed bywaste deposition from opencast lignite mines was researched in central serbia. it was concluded that thegreatest part of dead organic residues reaching the soil under european black alder monocultur...