How can we determine the distribution of uncultured marine microorganisms? Targeted metagenomics has provided the complete chloroplast genome sequence, and the distribution, for a picoplanktonic pelagophyte alga.

Inducible resistance in plants is a defense strategy for avoiding the negative consequences of herbivory on plant fitness. Since resistance is costly, the induction of resistance may depend on resource availability. Resource-based plant–herbivore hypotheses predict that the cost of producing carbon-based defensive metabolites will be higher when an excess of nutrients is available for growth. W...

Under biotic/abiotic stresses, the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii reportedly releases massive amounts of H(2)O(2) into the surrounding seawater. As an essential redox signal, the role of chloroplast-originated H(2)O(2) in the orchestration of overall antioxidant responses in algal species has thus been questioned. This work purported to study the kinetic decay profiles of the redox-sensitive pl...

INTRODUCTION The advent of "personalized medicine" has been driven by technological advances in genomics. Concentration at the subcellular level of a patient's cancer cells has meant inevitably that the "person" has been overlooked. For this reason, we think there is an urgent need to develop a truly personalized approach focusing on each patient as an individual, assessing his/her unique menta...

The freshwater alga Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve, a filamentous charophyte, collected from the Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert, was identified on the basis of morpho-anatomical characters. Extracts of this alga were made using solvents of varying polarity viz. n-hexane, acetonitrile, methanol and water. The antioxidant capacities and phenolic profile of the extracts were estimated. Th...

Integrated and genome-based flux balance analysis, metabolomics, and (13)C-label profiling of phototrophic and heterotrophic metabolism in Chlorella protothecoides, an oleaginous green alga for biofuel. The green alga Chlorella protothecoides, capable of autotrophic and heterotrophic growth with rapid lipid synthesis, is a promising candidate for biofuel production. Based on the newly available...

The fine structure of Cyanidium caldarium, as seen in thin sections of KMnO4-fixed cells examined with the electron microscope, is described. This organism, whose taxonomic position among algae is undetermined, contains a single well defined chloroplast, a nucleus, and mitochondria. Studies, with the electron microscope, of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Nostoc are also reported. Structural differen...

Abstract In the present study, alginate yield and composition were investigated during seasonal life cycle of alien brown alga Sargassum muticum harvested from Atlantic coast Morocco. Alginate ranged 11.14% in winter to 25.62% spring/early summer, coinciding with maximum vegetative growth. Monthly monitoring block structure showed that highest mannuronate (M)/guluronate (G) ratio was recorded d...

AT PRESENT five species are known in the genus Rb odopeltis, which belongs to the red algal order, Cryptonemiales. Of these, Rbodopeltis anstralis was first found in Australia, and the other four species, R. borealis, R. setchelliae, R. liagoroides, and R. gracilis all grow in the southern islands of Japan and were described by Yamada. The first description of a species of the genus Rh odopelti...

Daphnia has been shown to acquire tolerance to cyanobacterial toxins within an animals' lifetime and to transfer this tolerance to the next generation. Here we used a strain of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, which contained two chymotrypsin inhibitors (BN920 and CP954), the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus as reference food and a clone of D. magna to investigate the physiological mec...