0022-1694/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.03.015 ⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Geology a University, 98 Beechurst Ave., Morgantown, WV 26506 fax: +1 304 293 6522. E-mail addresses: [email protected] [email protected] (H.M. Edenborn). Dissolved CO2 in groundwater is frequently supersaturated relative to its equilibrium with at...

Farmed landscapes are engineered for productivity, and research suggests they contribute a disproportionate share of inorganic C to the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico. Here we use alkalinity and total organic C (TOC) measurements collected from the Raccoon River of Iowa to (i) evaluate inorganic and organic C concentrations and export patterns, (ii) compare current trends to historical co...

1. The use of the ears of rabbits is proposed in testing the irritant effect of antiseptics. 2. It is necessary, because of individual variations, to use solutions having definite irritant actions as controls. 3. 0.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite solutions have minimum irritant effects over a range of alkalinity of from about 100 to 1,000 times that of water (pH about 9 to 10). Solutions may be ...

The interaction between human activities and watershed geology is accelerating long-term changes in the carbon cycle of rivers. We evaluated changes in bicarbonate alkalinity, a product of chemical weathering, and tested for long-term trends at 97 sites in the eastern United States draining over 260,000 km(2). We observed statistically significant increasing trends in alkalinity at 62 of the 97...

In alkaline freshwater systems, the apparent absence of carbon limitation to gross primary production (GPP) at low CO2 concentrations suggests that bicarbonates can support GPP. However, contribution GPP has never been quantified in lakes along seasons. To detect origin inorganic maintaining GPP, we analyze daily stoichiometric ratios CO2–O2 and alkalinity–O2 a deep hardwater lake. Results show...

pH and fermentable substrates impose selective pressures on gut microbial communities and their metabolisms. We evaluated the relative contributions of pH, alkalinity, and substrate on microbial community structure, metabolism, and functional interactions using triplicate batch cultures started from fecal slurry and incubated with an initial pH of 6.0, 6.5, or 6.9 and 10 mM glucose, fructose, o...

[1] We use observations of the mass-independent oxygen isotopic composition (DO) of sulfate in the marine boundary layer (MBL) to quantify the sulfate source from aqueous SO2 (S(IV)) oxidation by O3 in alkaline sea-salt aerosols. Oxidation by O3 imparts a large DO signature to the resulting sulfate (8.8%) relative to oxidation by H2O2 (0.9%) or by OH or O2 (0%). Ship data from two Indian Ocean ...