This paper describes the development of a multimedia dictionary writing system for the Czech Sign Language dictionary, prepared in cooperation of several institutions dedicated to the sign language research and study. The presented dictionary system takes the advantage of electronic format and strongly relies on the use of multimedia evidences. The dictionary system has to deal with large amoun...

Comparisons of word and picture processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) are contaminated by gross physical differences between the two types of stimuli. In the present study, we tackle this problem by comparing picture processing with word processing in an alphabetic and a logographic script, that are also characterized by gross physical differences. Native Mandarin Chinese speakers vi...

Speech is characterized by phonemes and prosody. Neurocognitive evidence supports the separate processing of each type of information. Therefore, one might suggest individual development of both pathways. In this study, we examine literacy acquisition in middle childhood. Children become aware of the phonemes in speech at that time and refine phoneme processing when they acquire an alphabetic w...

The Korean alphabet, Hangul, is the unique alphabet which has a definite production process. All of the letters of Hangul can be defined in terms of production according to their aesthetic features. The main consonants were produced due to the articulation places in the mouth and the others were produced adding some other additional strokes on them. Vowels are based on the cosmic representation...

Acknowledgements I would like to thank the various company managers who participated in the surveys of Yorkshire & Humberside and Northern Ireland. Abstract Multinational enterprises occupy a prominent position in most UK regional economies. The contribution of these firms to employment and growth in the host region will be enhanced if they purchase material inputs from local firms ('local sour...

Routing plays an important role in determining the total circuit area and circuit performance and hence must be addressed as early as possible during the design process In this paper an e ective routing driven approach for technology dependent logic synthesis which relies on alphabetic tree construction is presented Alphabetic trees are trees which are generated under the restriction that the i...

Quasi-alphabetic tree bimorphisms [Steinby and Tîrn uc : Syntax-Directed Translations and Quasi-Alphabetic Tree Bimorphisms. Proc. CIAA, LNCS 4783:265 276, 2007] are reconsidered. It is known that the class of (string) translations de ned by such bimorphisms coincides with the class of syntax-directed translations. This result is extended to a smaller class of tree bimorphisms namely (linear an...

Differences in how writing systems represent language raise important questions about whether there could be a universal functional architecture for reading across languages. In order to study potential language differences in the neural networks that support reading skill, we collected fMRI data from readers of alphabetic (English) and morpho-syllabic (Chinese) writing systems during two readi...

Previous research has shown a systematic relationship between phonological working memory capacity and second language proficiency for alphabetic languages. However, little is known about the impact of working memory processes on second language learning in a non-alphabetic language such as Mandarin Chinese. Due to the greater complexity of the Chinese writing system we expect that visual worki...

The theory that learners of alphabetic writing systems go through a period during which they treat writing as representing syllables is highly influential, especially as applied to learners of Romance languages. The results of Study 1, a 2-year longitudinal study of 76 Portuguese speakers in Brazil from 4 to 6 years of age, did not support this theory. Although most children produced some spell...