F OR M A N Y years atmospheric research has been carried out using the balloon as a vehicle. Although animals, mainly humans, flew on the earlier flights, altitudes attained were not sufficient for a determination of any harmful physiological effects other than the classical ones due to lowered temperatures. Indeed, the only major effects noted o n animals sent aloft up to the past few years, w...

A canine model was used to study the effects of different environmental stresses on the heart and coronary circulation. The heart was surgically instrumented to measure coronary blood flow, left ventricular pressure, and other cardiovascular variables. Coronary flow was recorded by telemetry. Physiologic data were processed and analyzed by analog and digital computers. By these methods the phys...

Objective: This prospective study was designed to determine whether variation in angiogenic (placental growth factor [PlGF]) and/or anti-angiogenic (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase [sFlt-1]) factors contribute to the protective effect of highland ancestry (Andean) from altitude-associated reductions in fetal growth. Study design: Plasma sFlt-1 and PlGF levels, uterine artery (UA) blood flow, a...

A fair system of recognizing records in athletics should consider the influence of environmental conditions on performance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an altitude of 2250 m on the time for a 100-m sprint. Competition results from the 13 Olympic Games between 1964 and 2012 were corrected for the effects of wind and de-trended for the historical improvement in performanc...

Growing yellow cattle (Bos taurus, n 30, 1.0-3.5 years old and 75-240 kg) from their native altitude (2000-2800 m) were used to evaluate the effects of altitude, ambient temperature (Ta) and solar radiation on the basal energy metabolism in this large mammal. Fasting heat production (FHP) was measured at altitudes of 2260, 3250 and 4270 m on the Tibetan plateau both in the summer and winter res...

Though acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is reported to impair cognitive performance, the effects of prolonged exposure on different cognitive domains have been less studied. The present study aimed at investigating the time dependent changes in cognitive performance on prolonged stay at high altitude and its correlation with electroencephalogram (EEG) and plasma homocysteine. The study was c...

Altitude/hypoxic training is nowadays a common practice among swimmers although its benefits are still controversial in scientific literature. Traditional altitude training (“live high-train high”) is still the most frequently used method in swimming, even though from a physiological perspective the “live high-train low” strategy appears to be a more promising alternative. While acute hypoxia d...

(up to about 2000 m) were shown to have lower mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke (-22% and-12% per 1000 m) [1] and an about 50% lower risk of dying from Alzheimer's disease compared with their counterparts living at lower altitudes [2]. In contrast, reported altitude effects on cancer mortality are still conflicting [3]. However, due to shared risk factors, e.g. obesity and...