PURPOSE Fixational saccades shift the foveal image to counteract visual fading related to neural adaptation. Drifts are slow eye movements between two adjacent fixational saccades. We quantified fixational saccades and asked whether their changes could be attributed to pathologic drifts seen in amblyopia, one of the most common causes of blindness in childhood. METHODS Thirty-six pediatric su...

AIM To offer a critique of current methods of defining amblyopia treatment outcome and to examine alternative approaches. METHOD Literature appraisal and descriptive case presentations. RESULTS Currently, the outcome of amblyopia treatment is expressed as the number of acuity chart lines gained or, alternatively, achievement of an arbitrarily adopted level of visual acuity. As binocular vis...

The effects of unilateral lid closure and artificial esotropia on the development of visual acuity were studied in visually immature rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Irreversible amblyopia occurred in all animals whose lids were sutured between birth and nine weeks of age. Lid closure at the age of 12 weeks did not produce amblyopia. During the age of susceptibility only brief periods of occlus...

Methods of detection and treatment of amblyopia as a developmental visual defect are reviewed. Traditional occlusion therapy is compared with recent therapy techniques using square-wave grating patterns as stimuli to increase visual sensitivity. Both methods can help manage amblyopia particularly during stages of early visual development. It is found that the grating pattern stimuli are not in ...

P rior studies have found a reduction in contrast sensitivity in eyes with amblyopia using sinusoidal gratings, whereas minimal loss has been reported with Pelli-Robson charts. Most studies have evaluated contrast sensitivity at the time of diagnosis of amblyopia or after short-term treatment. A follow-up study of an earlier randomized trial provided us the opportunity to evaluate contrast sens...

Follow-up of a series of 221 children identified by the present methods of screening, and presenting consecutively with squint and/or amblyopia, shows that there has been no demonstrable improvement in the overall incidence and severity of amblyopia 3 or more years later. A new approach to the problem is required, and this might be based on the identification and treatment of amblyopia during t...

Anisometropic amblyopia is characterized by a decrease in best corrected visual acuity in one eye as a result of significantly different refractive errors between the two eyes. The eye that ultimately provides a more blurred image to the visual cortex develops amblyopia.1 Several authors have suggested that anisometropia is the leading cause of amblyopia and is responsible for approximately 50%...

Objectives: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Saudi population towards amblyopia on a national level. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among people who were aged ≥ 18 years from all regions Arabia by using online self-administered questionnaire. The survey consisted three main sections 1) sociodemographic data, personal family history...

Amsler's charts have long proved to be very useful for detecting organic macular and paramacular disorders. The chart consists of a grid of lines with a central fixation dot, the whole chart at 30 cm. distance subtending an angle of 200 (Amsler, I949). In the examination of functional amblyopia, we have found that the use of an Amsler chart can be very helpful in understanding the difference be...

PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship of anisometropia with unilateral amblyopia, interocular acuity difference (IAD), and stereoacuity among Head Start preschoolers using both clinical notation and vector notation analyses. DESIGN Multicenter, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Three- to 5-year-old participants in the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) study (n = 4040). METHODS Secondary analy...