Eleven 31-methylenlanostane triterpenoids, i.e., seven 21- and four 26-oic acids, as well a lupane triterpenoid betulin, isolated from the fruiting bodies of mushroom Fomitopsis betulina, were tested for in vitro protective effect on chromosome aberrations peripheral human lymphocytes using cytochalasin-B blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Most compounds showed beneficial by reducing DNA damage...

OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of L-carnitine against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to compare its efficacy with that of amifostin by quantitative renal Tc 99m DMSA uptake. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of six animals each. 1) Control (saline; 5 ml/kg intraperitoneally); 2) L-carnitine (CAR; 300 m...

AIM Radiobiological analysis of clinical data suggests that prostate cancer has a low α/β ratio, implying that large radiotherapy fractions may better control the disease. Acceleration of radiotherapy may be also of importance in a subset of tumors. In this study we assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a highly accelerated and hypofractionated scheme of radiotherapy (HypoARC), for the treat...

Radioprotective effects of amifostine and melatonin as well as their ability to modulate the level of spontaneous and gamma-irradiation-induced genetic changes on human peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Parallel blood samples were pre-treated with amifostine, melatonin and their combination f...

01. Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck generally arise from the a. Submucosal tissues. b. Major and minor salivary glands. c. Muscular tissues of the oropharynx. d. Mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract. 02. The primary radiobiologic principles of radiation, known as the “4 Rs” of radiation therapy, are repair, repopulation, redistribution, and a. Recall. b. Radionecrosis. ...

Guideline Citation (Vancouver Style): Head and Neck Cancer Disease Site Group. The role of amifostine as a radioprotectant in the management of patients with squamous cell head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND To use amifostine concurrently with radiochemotherapy (CT-RT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone in order to prevent dry eye syndrome in patients with malignancies located in the fronto-orbital region. METHODS Five patients (2 males, 3 females) with diagnosed malignancies (Non-Hodgkin B-cell Lymphoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma) involving the lacrimal gland, in which either combined CT-RT or...

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) fusion of TAT was proved to be radioprotective in our previous work. On that basis, a bifunctional recombinant protein which was the fusion of glutathione S-transferase (GST), SOD, and TAT was constructed and named GST-TAT-SOD. Herein we report the investigation of the cytotoxicity, cell-penetrating activity, and in vitro radioprotective effect of GST-TAT-SOD compared...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Early studies have suggested that increasing doses of anthracycline improve outcome in younger patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), but dose escalation has been precluded by the acute and chronic toxicities of these agents. Amifostine is a cytoprotective compound that has been shown to protect against the acute cytotoxicities of anthracyclines in animal mode...

High levels of telomerase activity and high rates of cell proliferation are associated with a poor prognosis in acute myelogenous leukemia. Furthermore, cytokine production by leukemia cells is believed to play an important role in determining the proliferative characteristics of leukemia. The in vivo effects of two noncytotoxic agents on these parameters were determined in 33 acute myelogenous...