Locomotor activity induced by d-amphetamine was found to be potentiated by food deprivation, a tryptophan-free diet, p-chlorophenylalanine and drugs proposed to antagonize serotonin receptors in brain. Administration of L-tryptophan 1 hour prior to d-amphetamine injection was found to antagonize the enhanced response to d-amphetamine in starved rats and in rats which had tryptophan removed from...

Drug abuse is associated with brain dysfunction and neurodegeneration, and various recreational drugs induce apoptotic cell death. This study examined the role of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in psychostimulant-induced neuronal dysfunction. Using primary neuronal cultures, we observed that amphetamine (IC50=1.40 mM) was more potent than cocaine (IC50=4.30 mM) in inducing cell toxicity. A...

Repeated treatment with psychostimulant drugs causes long-lasting behavioral sensitization and associated neuroadaptations. Although sensitization induced by a single psychostimulant exposure has also been reported, information on the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of a single psychostimulant exposure is sparse. Therefore, to evaluate whether behavioral sensitization evoked by single...

BACKGROUND Chronic amphetamine treatment decreases cocaine consumption in preclinical and human laboratory studies and in clinical trials. Lisdexamfetamine is an amphetamine prodrug in which L-lysine is conjugated to the terminal nitrogen of d-amphetamine. Prodrugs may be advantageous relative to their active metabolites due to slower onsets and longer durations of action; however, lisdexamfeta...

Lobeline interacts with the dopamine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter, presynaptic proteins involved in dopamine storage and release. This study used rodent models to assess lobeline-induced inhibition of the neurochemical and behavioral effects of amphetamine. Rat striatal slices were preloaded with [(3)H]dopamine and superfused with lobeline for 30 min, and then with d-amphetam...

5. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. The effects of continuous amphetamine administration on brain and behavior (amphetamine neurotoxicity) ..................... The behavioral consequences of repeated intermittent amphetamine administration (behavioral sensitization) ..........

When administered in a novel environment relatively low doses of amphetamine induce c-fos mRNA in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and in preproenkephalin mRNA-containing (ENK+) neurons in the caudate-putamen (CPu). When administered at home, however, low doses of amphetamine do not produce these effects. Environmental novelty also facilitates the behavioral effects of acute and repeated amphetami...

Adderall is widely prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) though long term neurological effects of the main ingredient d-amphetamine are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of clinically prescribed doses of d-amphetamine and one abuse dose administered from childhood to adulthood on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and activation of the gr...

BACKGROUND Rats emit 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to either natural or pharmacological pleasurable stimuli, and these USVs have emerged as a new behavioral measure for investigating the motivational properties of drugs. Earlier studies have indicated that activation of the dopaminergic system is critically involved in 50 kHz USV emissions. However, evidence also exists tha...