Methods The body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, blood pressure (systolic/diastolic), lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, neuropeptide Y(NPY), amylin were measured in 56 children (24 obese children and 32 non-obese controls). We calculated HOMA-IR and evaluated the relationship between each anthropometric data, metabolic bio-marker and diet regulating factor (leptin,...

Metabolic syndrome significantly increases the incidence of atherosclerosis-related diseases including coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Recent progress has demonstrated that amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide, is circulating multifunctional hormone and neuropeptide, which is co-secreted with insulin into the bloodstream by pancreatic beta cells and plays a very important ...

The propensity of diets of different composition to promote obesity is a current topic in feline medicine. The effects of three meals with different protein:fat ratios on hormones (insulin, acylated ghrelin and amylin) involved in the control of food intake and glucose metabolism were compared. Five lean (two females and three males, 28.6 (sd 3.4) % body fat mass (BFM), mean body weight (BW) 45...

The calcitonin receptor (CTR) is relevant to three hormonal systems: amylin, calcitonin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Receptors for amylin and calcitonin are targets for treating obesity, diabetes, and bone disorders. CGRP receptors represent a target for pain and migraine. Amylin receptors (AMY) are a heterodimer formed by the coexpression of CTR with receptor activity-modifying...

During recovery from social stress in a visible burrow system (VBS), during which a dominance hierarchy is formed among the males, rats display hyperphagia and gain weight preferentially as visceral adipose tissue. By proportionally increasing visceral adiposity, social stress may contribute to the establishment of metabolic disorder. Amylin was administered to rats fed ad libitum during recove...

We have recently identified a small phosphoprotein, P20, as a common intracellular target for insulin and several of its antagonists, including amylin, epinephrine, and calcitonin gene-related peptide. These hormones elicit phosphorylation of P20 at its different sites, producing three phosphorylated isoforms: S1 with an isoelectric point (pI) value of 6.0, S2 with a pI value of 5.9, and S3 wit...

The polypeptide hormone amylin forms amyloid deposits in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and a 10-residue fragment of amylin (amylin(20-29)) is commonly used as a model system to study this process. Studies of amylin(20-29) and several variant peptides revealed that low levels of deamidation can have a significant effect on the secondary structure and aggregation behavior of these molecules. Results o...

The area postrema (AP) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) are important hindbrain centers involved in the control of energy homeostasis. The AP mediates the anorectic action and the inhibitory effect on gastric emptying induced by the pancreatic hormone amylin. Amylin's target cells in the AP project to the NTS, an integrative relay center for enteroceptive signals. Perinatal hormonal ...

Receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) constitute a group of three proteins, designated as RAMP1, 2, and 3, which are able to effect functional changes in some members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. Thus, RAMP1 or RAMP3 can modify the calcitonin receptor (CTR) to also function as a high-affinity amylin receptor-like phenotype. To examine the RAMP/CTR interaction, individual RAM...