Antagonists of the NMDA type of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor attenuate or reverse the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of the mu opioid agonist morphine, the delta-1 opioid agonist DPDPE but not the kappa-1 agonist U50,488H or the kappa-3 agonist naloxone benzoylhydrazone. The role of the AMPA subtype of EAA receptor in analgesic tolerance was examined using LY293558, a...

Purpose: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of n-hexane extract of the whole plant of Viola betonicifolia Sm, family: Violaceace. Methods: The n-hexane fraction of Viola betonicifolia (VBHF) was tested for its analgesic and antiinflammatory activities (carrageenan-induced and histamine-induced edema models) in BALB/c mice. Results: VBHF exhibited significant (p < 0.01) a...

In the traditional medicine, Taxus baccata Linn. has been used as analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antiinflammatory remedy. In the present study, bark of plant was extracted with 95% ethanol and ether at room temperature and evaluate for their analgesic activity in mice using the tail-flick and acetic acid-induced writhing method. Ether extract exhibits potent analgesic activity in tail-flick tes...

Objective: The present study was aimed to find out the central and peripheral analgesic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Solanum melongena Linn (AESML) in experimental animals. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of AESML was performed by chemical tests. The central analgesic activity was measured by tail flick method in Wistar rats and peripheral analgesic activity was measured by a...

BACKGROUND Research has linked heavy alcohol use with nonmedical prescription analgesic use, but no studies have focused on concurrent use. OBJECTIVES To understand the extent to which alcohol use and nonmedical prescription analgesic use co-occur among college students. METHODS The Timeline Followback method was used to split the sample (n = 1,118) into three groups based on their alcohol ...

To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of the sole local anesthetic ropivacaine with the combination of both local anesthetic ropivacaine and opioidergic analgesic sufentanil given epidurally on the labor pain control.After institutional review board approval and patient consent, a total of 500 nulliparas requesting epidural labor analgesia were enrolled and 481 eventually were randomized...

Inflammation is a protective response to injury or tissue damage and acts by eliminating harmful stimuli such as pathogens cell initiates the healing process. Azadirachta indica was known medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities. This review aims summarize scientific activity of A.indica an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic experimental models either in vivo vitro taken f...

Tail flick test in rats and acetic acid induced writhing in mice were employed to study the antinociceptive activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Vitex-negundo (VN) (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o). The effect was compared with meperidine (40 mg/kg, sc) in tail flick method and aspirin (50 mg/kg, p.o) in writhing test as a standard control respectively. An interaction with naloxone hydrochloride w...

Objective: To study the analgesic effect of Caryophyllus aromaticus (flower buds) by formalin test in albino rats. Materials & Methods: Albino rats of either sex were taken and divided into 7 groups with 6 animals in each for central and peripheral analgesic activity by formalin test. 5% formalin is injected into the right dorsal surface of a hind paw of rat after half an hour of drug administr...

Derivatives of pyridine-4-one are iron chelators with various biological activities including antifungal, anti-malarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. This study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of four new derivatives of 3-hydroxy pyridine-4-one in animal models. Acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests were used to assess the analgesic activity in mal...