Heap entities tend to contain complex references to each other. To manage this complexity, types which express shapes and hierarchies have been suggested. We survey type systems which describe such hierarchic shapes, how these types are used for reasoning about programs, and applications in concurrent programming. Most imperative programs create and manipulate heap entities (objects, or records...

there are several factors influencing the water quality based on its usage. the quality of drinking water is of the vital concern for human health and life. an essential attempt has to be done to develop a water quality index (wqi) corresponding with different conditions and characteristics of the relevant river or water body such as geographical, hydrological, discharge rate and pollution sou...

risk management is one of the most important phases of project management and isthe most recently used by many researchers. in this paper, a fuzzy based method wasproposed which identifies different kinds of risks through the project life cycle.then, the project risk magnitude can be obtained in regards to five factors, namely“severity”, “occurrence”, and “not detection” which form fuzzy fmea a...

introduction: human resource plays a very important role in the success or failure of a company. the weakness in conclusion of criteria of model efqm (employee's criteria and results) using fahp method (fuzzy analytical hierarchy process) will be discussed here as iranian organizations are usually weak in their results field. method: the present study is an applied research. procedure of doing ...

flood disaster is considered as a major natural hazard due to its devastatingeffects on the affected areas. determining the flood vulnerable areas is important fordecision makers in order to perform planning and management activities. geographicalinformation system (gis) is integrated with multi criteria decision analysis (mcda)used to analyze the flood vulnerable areas. the aim of this researc...

Farmers frequently have to decide whether to keep or to replace cows that suffer from clinical mastitis. A dynamic programming model was developed to optimize these decisions for individual cows within the herd, using the hierarchic Markov process technique. This technique provides a method to model a wide variety of cows, differing in age, productive performance, reproductive status, and clini...

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the decision process of manufacturing systems (MSs) under uncertain conditions. The decision process needs a systematic approach to structure the system requirements and highlight the management preferences while considering vague criteria. In order to establish a suitable empirical approach for the decision process compatible with the current/future re...

Buyer decision processes are the decision-making processes undertaken by consumers about a potential market transaction before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service. More generally, decision-making is the cognitive processes of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. How many evaluation criteria a consumer will use, what different types of criteria will ...

This paper describes an approach, based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) that assists decision makers or manufacturing engineers determining the most appropriate manufacturing process to be employd in manufacturing of composite automotive bumper beam at the early stage of product development process. There are 5 types of processes under consideration namely injection moulding (IM), res...