This paper develops an analytical framework for assessing the second-best optimal level of gasoline taxation taking into account unpriced pollution, congestion, and accident externalities, and interactions with the broader fiscal system. We provide calculations of the optimal taxes for the US and the UK under a wide variety of parameter scenarios, with the gasoline tax substituting for a distor...

The Environmental Protection Agency introduced Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) requirements as a measure to reduce emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles in certain geographic areas. The EPA developed models for predicting emissions as a function of gasoline properties and established statutory baseline emissions from a representative set of gasolines. RFG is a key driving force for investment in...

Attached garages are known to be associated with indoor air volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study looked at indoor exposure to VOCs presumably from evaporative emissions of gasoline. Alaskan gasoline contains 5% benzene making benzene a marker for gasoline exposure. A survey of randomly chosen houses with attached garages was done in Anchorage Alaska to determine the exposure and assess...

Refined fuels have considerable share of pollution of marine ecosystems. Gasoline is one of the most consumed fuel worldwide, but its effects on marine benthic primary producers are poorly investigated. In this study, Ulva lactuca was chosen as a biological model due to its cosmopolitan nature and tolerance to high levels and wide range of xenobiotics and our goal was to evaluate the effects of...

In this work, a novel data mining model based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) for the identification of gasoline types has been investigated and developed. Detection and correct identification of gasoline types during Arson and Fuel Spill Investigation are very important in forensic science. As the number of arson and spillage becomes a common place, it becomes more important to have an accura...

The alternative HCCI combustion mode presents a possible means for decreasing the pollution with respect to the conventional gasoline or diesel engines, while maintaining the efficiency of a diesel engine or even increasing it. This paper investigates the possibility of using gasoline in an HCCI engine and analyses the auto-ignition of gasoline in such an engine. The compression ratio that has ...

three types of vehicles, pride, peugeot 405 glx and paykan were tested from the point of view of exhaust emissions (co, hc, nox) and fuel consumption, on chassis dynamometer running european standard driving cycle with three kinds of fuels, mtbe free unleaded regular gasoline (urg) as base fuel and 10 and 15 volume percent mtbe –gasoline blends as comparable fuels. utilizing mtbe blended fuels ...

The impact on the usage of commercial fuels such as gasoline in automobile vehicles is an alarm in terms of health effects as it emits higher level of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. In addition, the need and demand for Gasoline products are in the increasing trend because of more number of vehicles which are on road and Governments plan to increase the cost of fuel. As slowly the scarcity of...

Ethanol biofuel could play an important role in reducing petroleum consumption by enabling a substantial increase in the fuel efficiency of gasoline engine vehicles. This ethanol boosted engine concept uses a small amount ethanol to increase the efficiency of use of a much larger amount of gasoline by approximately 30%. Gasoline consumption and the corresponding CO2 emissions would thereby be r...

We aimed to verify the changes in the microbial community during bioremediation of gasoline-contaminated soil. Microbial inoculants were produced from successive additions of gasoline to municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) previously fertilized with nitrogen-phosphorous. To obtain Inoculant A, fertilized MSWC was amended with gasoline every 3 days during 18 days. Inoculant B received the same ...