In the past decades, the inappropriate subsidy policies in many nations have caused problems such as serious oversupply, fierce competition and subpar social welfare in the photovoltaic (PV) industry in many nations. There is a clear shortage in the PV industry literature regarding how dual supply chains compete and the key decision issues regarding the competition between dual PV supply chains...

We examine competition in the hospital industry, in particular the effect of ownership type (for-profit, not-for-profit, government). We estimate a structural model of demand and pricing in the hospital industry in California, then use the estimates to simulate the effect of a merger. California hospitals in 1995 face an average price elasticity of demand of -4.85. Not-for-profit hospitals face...

We have investigated structure and electronic properties of Au and Si liner chains using the firstprinciplesplane wave pseudopotential method. The transport properties and conductance of these twoliner chains are studied using Landauer approaches based on density functional theory (DFT). Weobtain density of states and band gap using Kohn-Sham and Wannier functions as well as quantumconductivity...

This paper discusses the theory behind the existence of an idealistic model for business network governance and uses a clarifying case-study, containing governance structures and processes within a business network framework. The case study from a German pharmaceutical industry company complements existing literature by providing a comprehensive explanation of the relations between supply chain...

Abstract The Industry 4.0 (I4.0) concept paves the way for circular economy (CE) as advanced digital technologies enable sustainability initiatives. Hence, I4.0-driven CE-oriented supply chains (SCs) have improved sustainable performance, flexibility and interoperability. In order to smoothly embrace practices in digitally enabled SCs, quantitative techniques been identified crucial. Therefore,...

The purpose of this article is to propose a novel classification the interrelationships between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and circular economy (CE) principles that highlights most conclusive findings extant gaps in relevant research. A systematic literature review has been developed locate, select evaluate contributions made CE with I4.0 technologies. Studies have analysed classified acc...

In an industry with upstream economies of scale in the distribution of differentiated products to retailers which have monopoly power within separate local market areas, the retailers have an incentive to exert monopsony power due to the divergence between average and marginal costs in the distribution of those inputs. The retailers increase their ability to exert monopsony power by forming coa...