Background: Similar to the thermoluminescence (TL) spectra, the optical parameters variations can also be used in TL crystals for dosimetry purposes. These optical parameters can include absorption, transmission and reflection coefficients. Materials and Methods: Single crystals of KBr and KCl which have been used in this research were grown from laboratory grade extra pure precursor p...

relative diffuse reflection measurements from the original and ground surfaces using a he-ne laser are reported. the intensity measurements for the metallic, transparent dielectric, matte plastic surfaces and colored papers are presented. our results indicate that among metallic surfaces tested, aluminum has the highest diffuse reflectance; while the original stainless steel surface shows the l...

the history of politic is the history of the efforts of individuals or groups of individuals to accumulate, exercise, and distribute power. indeed politics might be viewed as bounded conflict, as a means of manage conflict such that it does not deteriorate into private feuding or mob violence. we all used the word power often. we all have an intuitive understanding of the term, which is (usuall...

Introduction: The phenomenon of knowledge explosion has led teachers to feel the necessity of training students so that they become reflective thinkers. This issue is more important for nursing students who are responsible for providing care for patients.This study is a part of another study arming at exploration of Nursing Students’ views on reflection on practice. Methods. 20 senior nursing...

We prove that the Weak Reflection Principle does not imply that every stationary set reflects to an internally approachable set. We show that several variants of internal approachability, namely internally unbounded, internally stationary, and internally club, are not provably equivalent. Let λ ≥ ω2 be a regular cardinal, and consider an elementary substructure N ≺ H(λ) with size א1. Then N is ...

66 http://oncology.thelancet.com Vol 6 February 2005 Treatment of cancer by radiation has benefited greatly from technological advances. In fact, it is not an exaggeration to say that technology has revolutionised radiotherapy. The spin-off from the World War II development of radar led to linear accelerators, which produce high-energy x-rays that are much more penetrating than the low-energy x...

Morality is what makes us human. One meaning of this common saying is plain enough. Refraining from injury to others, keeping our word, and helping those in need constitute the elementary decencies of society. If most of us did not observe these practices most of the time, or at least give one another the impression of doing so, no one would have the security to pursue a flourishing life. Even ...