Significance The crusts of the oldest protoplanets are virtually unknown due to scarcity samples. Here, we describe known lava that crystallized ca. 4,565 Ma ago and formed by partial melting a chondritic parent body. 26 Al- Mg systematics suggest elapsed time between crystallization was significant, on order several 10 5 y, probably viscosity magma. Although first protoplanetary were frequentl...

Pre-Mesozoic exotic crystalline blocks within the Outer Carpathian flysch have potential to unravel nature of their eroded basement source(s) and reconstruct Paleozoic–Precambrian history Protocarpathians. Strongly tectonized Campanian–Maastrichtian grey marls in Subsilesian Nappe Western Carpathians Poland contain a variety different lithology types, including granitoids andesites. Petrologica...

Bacterial weathering plays a significant role in rock weathering, yet only limited number of studies were conducted on this topic. The recent rapid developments geomicrobiology are expected to increase the pace research area. extent and duration biological processes mineral samples minerals preferred by bacteria still not fully understood due wide variety both bacterial species types. Biologica...