In order to express explicitly the effect of the angle-errors of setting a hot-wire probe in a flow field on the output of the hot-wire anemometer, approximate hotwire response series equations based on the small angleerror and weak turbulence approximations (called directionerror response equations in this paper) were derived from I-type, slanted-type and X-type hot-wire probes in twodimension...

An adaptive response compensation technique has been proposed to compensate for the response lag of the constant-current hot-wire anemometer (CCA) by taking advantage of digital signal processing technology. First, we have developed a simple response compensation scheme based on a precise theoretical expression for the frequency response of the CCA (Kaifuku et al. 2010, 2011), and verified its ...

A simple analytical formula is developed for estimating the frequency attenuation of eddy covariance fluxes due to sensor response, path-length averaging, sensor separation, signal processing, and flux averaging periods. Although it is an approximation based on flat terrain cospectra, this analytical formula should have broader applicability than just flat-terrain providing the peak frequencies...

Simultaneous measurements of turbulent vertical velocity fluctuations at a height of 300 ft. measured by means of a fixed anemometer, small floating balloons, and airplane gust equipment at Brookhaven are presented. The resulting Eulerian (fixed anemometer) turbulence energy mectra are similar to the Lagrangian (balloon) spectra but "-with a displacement toward higher frequencies. The term Eule...

Within the framework of the EC co-funded project “Identification of Variables for the Site Calibration and Power Curve Assessment in Complex Terrain; SiteParIden”; JOR3-CT98-0257, tasks 6 & 7 have been carried out by ECN and DEWI. Both tasks concern the “Relative Power Curve Measurements in Flat (task 6) and Complex Terrain (task 7). The objective of the tasks 6 and 7 is: To verify whether the ...

Blood velocity measurements were carried out using a constant-temperature hot-film anemometer system in both anesthetized and conscious horses. Catheter probes were used to measure velocity wave forms in conscious horses and L-shaped needle probes inserted by direct vessel puncture were used to measure the profiles in regions of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of anesthetized, open-chest horse...