Filtration of contaminated breathing gases is a necessary measure in mechanical ventilation. There are two types of filters available for filtration of breathing gases: mechanical filters and electrostatic filters. Filter efficiency can be established through a number of means, the most stringent being the High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) test. While a variety of HEPA-grade filters are av...

OBJECTIVE To document infrastructure, personnel, procedures performed, and supplies and equipment available at all county hospitals in Liberia using the World Health Organization Tool for Situational Analysis of Emergency and Essential Surgical Care. DESIGN Survey of county hospitals using the World Health Organization Tool for Situational Analysis of Emergency and Essential Surgical Care. ...

Though relatively new, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has become standard of care for many neurosurgical procedures. The use of IONM has substantially decreased the rate of paralysis after deformity surgery, and has been validated in cervical spine surgery, and thoracic and lumbar laminectomy (1) (2), (3). The main modalities are: somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), mo...

In order to improve the validity of electronic equipment condition monitoring, overcome the shortage of normal KPCA (Kernel Principal Component Analysis) and SVDD (Support Vector Data Description) monitoring model, a method on electronic equipment condition monitoring based on KPCAEDA (KPCAEstimation of Distribution Algorithm) and MMSH-SVDD (Maximal Margin Separating Hypersphere SVDD Mode) is p...

In allusion to the widespread anomalous data in substation primary equipment condition monitoring, this paper proposes an OPTICS (Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure) clustering-based condition monitoring anomalous data filtering algorithm. Through the characteristic analysis of historical primary equipment condition monitoring data, an anomalous data filtering mechanism was bu...

Inhalation sedation utilizing nitrous oxide-oxygen has been a primary technique in the management of dental fears and anxieties for more than 150 years and remains so today. Though other, more potent, anesthetics have been introduced, nitrous oxide is still the most used gaseous anesthetic in the world. Administered properly with well-maintained equipment, the nitrous oxide-oxygen technique has...

Anesthetic exposure during pregnancy is viewed as a relatively routine medical practice. However, recent rodent studies have suggested that common anesthetic agents can damage the developing brain. Here we assessed this claim in a higher order species by exposing previously instrumented near-term pregnant sheep at gestational day 122 (+/-1) to a combination of midazolam, sodium thiopental, and ...

Gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is a procedure for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities. This procedure requires some forms of anesthe‐ sia. The goal of procedural anesthesia is safe, effective control of pain and anxiety, as well as an appropriate degree of memory loss or reduced awareness. Generally, the majority of GIE procedures are performed by using topical ane...