12 13 SUMMARY 14 Weibel and Taylor " s theory of symmorphosis predicts that the structural components of the 15 respiratory system are quantitatively adjusted to satisfy, but not exceed, an animal " s maximum 16 requirement for oxygen. We test this in the respiratory system of the adult migratory locust Locusta 17 migratoria by comparing the aerobic capacity of hopping and flight muscle with th...

Methods are described for the isolation, complementation and mapping of mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans, a small free-living nematode worm. About 300 EMS-induced mutants affecting behavior and morphology have been characterized and about one hundred genes have been defined. Mutations in 77 of these alter the movement of the animal. Estimates of the induced mutation frequency of both the visib...

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a simple nervous system with glia restricted primarily to sensory organs. Some of the activities that would be provided by glia in the mammalian nervous system are either absent or provided by non-glial cell types in C. elegans, with only a select set of mammalian glial activities being similarly provided by specialized glial cells in this animal. These o...

results in all groups ischemic changes were apparently observed in hippocampus ca1 neurons. in two-vessel occlusion model, after 3 and 24 hours of reperfusions, ischemic cells accounted for 14.9% and 23.2%, respectively. in four-vessel occlusion model, after 3 and 24 hours of reperfusions, ischemic cells accounted for 7.6% and 44.9% (p < 0.0001), respectively. background an appropriate animal m...

Gross and microscopical lesions in mice intravenously infected with the Welgevonden strain of Cowdria ruminantium closely resembled the lesions described in cattle, sheep and goats. A high concentration of organisms was present in alveolar endothelial cells. Cytopathic changes in parasitized and non-parasitized endothelial cells and the morphology of the organisms are described and compared wit...

Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 303331*; Laboratory of Virus Morphology, Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China2; Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 7703O3; Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospit...

At least five animal phyla exhibit spiralian development, which is characterized by striking similarities in the geometry of the early cleavage pattern and the fate map of the blastula, along with similarities in larval morphology. Recent advances in reconstructing the phylogeny of spiralians and their relatives suggest that the common ancestor of a large clade of protostome phyla known as the ...

The retina of the lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, appears to have only cone photoreceptors. Eyecups from this animal were incubated in media containing Earle's Balanced Salts, supplemented with amino acids and vitamins, and gassed with 5% CO2/95% O2. Under these conditions, good morphology, protein synthesis, and normal cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels were maintained for 1-2 days. This in vit...

Introduction Preclinical drug development in the area of osteoarthritis (OA) requires robust and reliable assessment of disease progression. The morphology of the articular cartilage is considered to be the primary marker of OA progression. However, the challenges of small animal in-vivo imaging and image analysis have limited the use of MRI in preclinical OA research. We present an approach fo...

The early phase of embryonic development involves a lot signaling and growth factor proteins that will influence the interactions among cells. Administration BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) at beginning embryo can interferes organogenesis causing abnormalities in development. Administrations were expected to induce responses immune system, which be hoped mimicking stress on system caused by infectio...