Diet greatly influences gene expression and physiology. In mammals, elucidating the effects and mechanisms of individual nutrients is challenging due to the complexity of both the animal and its diet. Here, we used an interspecies systems biology approach with Caenorhabditis elegans and two of its bacterial diets, Escherichia coli and Comamonas aquatica, to identify metabolites that affect the ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal condition. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s are types of inflammatory disease. Over many decades, the has been topic study, with experts still trying to figure out its cause pathology. Researchers have established in vivo animal models, vitro cell lines, ex systems understand ultimately adequately identify therapy. However,...

Laboratory exercises are intended to illustrate concepts and add an active learning component to courses. Since the 1980s, there has been a decline in animal laboratories offered in conjunction with medical physiology courses. The most important single reason for this is cost, but other contributing factors include the development of computer simulations, changes in medical education, and press...

We explore in this paper how animals can be affected by variation in climate, topography, vegetation characteristics, and body size. We utilize new spatially explicit state-of-the-art models that incorporate principles from heat and mass transfer engineering, physiology, morphology, and behavior that have been modified to provide spatially explicit hypotheses using GIS. We demonstrate how tempo...

The inconstant environment in which animals lives and the variation of their metabolic states determined the gas exchangers system that must be able to operate efficiently across a spectrum of conditions that range from resting to exercise and even under hypoxia. The primordial respiratory organs that evolved for water breathing were the gills, evaginated gas exchangers, whereas for terrestrial...

In a 2002 lecture to the American Physiological Society (APS) Respiration Section, former APS president Norman Staub, Sr. presents, as his first slide, two images. The first image is labeled ‘Molecular Biology’ and features a gleaming silver bullet train speeding into the distance. The second is labeled ‘Clinical Medicine’, and depicts a rickety wooden caboose standing alone. Staub uses this si...

during the recent decades, substantial changes are made in the borders and contents of physiology as a basic course for the students in medicine. here some strategies are presented to preserve the classical and integrative approaches in teaching physiology, while these approaches extent our knowledge to molecular, sub-cellular and cellular levels.

Animal welfare is an increasing issue of public concern and debate. As a result, many countries are reconsidering the way animal welfare is embedded in the legislation and rules for housing and care of animals. This requires general agreement of what animal welfare is. Unfortunately, the current science of animal welfare is less scientific than what has been claimed. In our view, it is overly g...

TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS and other environmental toxicants on the liver, many believe that the use of hepatocytederived cultures offers advantages over studies in the liver of intact animals. Cell cultures can be manipulated more easily, and they are far less expensive to maintain than a laboratory animal or transgenic mouse colony. Indeed, this is the theme of this section (Cell Physiolog...