[1] Fe/Rayleigh lidar measurements are combined with the high-altitude balloonsonde data and used to characterize the seasonal variations of atmospheric temperature at South Pole from the surface (2.835 km) to 110 km altitude. Twelve-month oscillations, associated with solar UV absorption by ozone, dominate the seasonal variations of temperature throughout the stratosphere and lower mesosphere ...

[1] Significant interannual variations in the growth rate of atmospheric CH4 justify the development of an improved methodology for landfill emissions, the largest anthropogenic source in many developed countries. A major problem is that reliable solid waste data often do not exist, especially for developing countries where emissions are increasing. Here we develop and apply a new proxy method ...

The authors quantify the relationship between the location of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the atmospheric heat transport across the equator (AHTEQ) in climate models and in observations. The observed zonal mean ITCZ location varies from 5.38S in the boreal winter to 7.28N in the boreal summer with an annual mean position of 1.658Nwhile the AHTEQ varies from 2.1 PW northward in...

Fourier transform spectrometer observations of the mesosphere have been performed at the University of Michigan (latitude: 421/2 N) on a long term basis. A database of near infrared Meinel hydroxyl spectra has been accumulated from which rotational temperatures have be.en determined. Harmonic analysis of one-day averaged temperatures for the period 1992.0 to 1994.5 has shown a distinct annual a...

We present for the first time characteristics of upper atmospheric horizontal winds over Korean Peninsula. Winds and their variability are derived using four-year measurements by Korea Astronomy Space Science Institute (KASI) meteor radar. A general characteristic zonal meridional is that they exhibit distinct diurnal seasonal variations. Their changes indicate sometimes similar or different pe...

In catchments with impervious bedrock, the nitrate concentrations in streamwater often show marked seasonal and small inter-annual variations. The inter-annual trends are usually attributed to changes in nitrogen inputs, due to changes in land use or in nitrogen deposition whereas seasonal patterns are explained in terms of availability of soil nitrate for leaching and of seasonality of nitroge...

[1] It is known that GPS time series contain a seasonal variation that is not due to tectonic motions, and it has recently been shown that crustal seismic velocities may also vary seasonally. In order to explain these changes, a number of hypotheses have been given, among which thermoelastic and hydrology‐induced stresses and strains are leading candidates. Unfortunately, though, since a genera...

This article describes recent trends in annual fertility rates, and generation measurements of average family size and family size distributions for eight selected European Countries. It compares the changing ages at which mothers are having children and the decline in higher order births, both over time and between countries: The way that variations and changes in annual rates influence genera...