Clostridium difficile colitis, although rare, could represent a serious complication following chemotherapy. Prior antibiotic use has been considered the single most important risk factor in the development of C. difficile infection. Recently, the association between antineoplastic therapy and C. difficile-associated diarrhea in the absence of a prior antibiotic therapy has become more apparent...

Probiotics are believed to be beneficial in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota whereas antibiotics are known to induce dysbiosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (SB), the antibiotic Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (AC) and the combination on the microbiota and symptoms of healthy humans. Healthy subjects were randomized to one of 4 study gr...

A probiotic can be defined as a live, non-pathogenic microbial supplement that exerts a positive influence on the health or physiology of the host [1, 2]. Probiotics consist of either bacteria, especially lactic acid bacteria, or yeast. Probiotics have mainly been used for gastrointestinal and vaginal diseases [3]. The effects of probiotics are thought to be related to direct enzymatic effects ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The direct toxic effects of antibiotics on the intestine can alter digestive functions and cause pathogenic bacterial overgrowth leading to antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is widely known to be responsible for 10 approximately 20% of AAD cases. However, Klebsiella oxytoca, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spec...

Goldenberg JZ, Lytvyn L, Steurich J, Parkin P, Mahant S, Johnston BC. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea.Cochrane Database Syst Rev2015, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD004827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004827.pub4. BACKGROUND Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in children. They alter the microbial balance within the gastrointestinal tract, commonly ...

duced the risk of severe necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality in preterm infants [5, 6] . The potential benefits and safety profile of probiotics for extremely low birth weight infants have not yet been determined. The treatment of gastrointestinal infections continues to be one of the main targets of probiotics use, aimed at the prevention of community-acquired diarrhea as well as an effect...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy of probiotics in prevention and treatment of diarrhoea associated with the use of antibiotics. DESIGN Meta-analysis; outcome data (proportion of patients not getting diarrhoea) were analysed, pooled, and compared to determine odds ratios in treated and control groups. IDENTIFICATION Studies identified by searching Medline between 1966 and 2000 and the Cochrane...

INTRODUCTION — Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) is one of the most common hospitalacquired (nosocomial) infections, and is an increasingly frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly hospitalized patients. C. difficile colonizes the human intestinal tract after the normal gut flora has been altered by antibiotic therapy and is the causative organism of antibiotic-asso...