Many studies have elucidated the risk factors associated with peri-operative infection following head and neck cancer surgery (HNS), the implications of infection for total treatment cost, and the clinical benefits of successful antimicrobial prophylaxis. The most appropriate antibiotic use is achieved by focusing on patients with clean, contaminated wounds. Thereafter, the usefulness of an ant...

A total of70 children aged 6 to 15 years with rheumatic fever and completed in-hospital data were reviewed from 19XX to 1993. In 5X.6% of patients this was the first attack of disease, while in 41.4'10 the episode represented a recurrence. Noncompliance of antimicrobial prophylaxis was noted in all of the subjects with recurrences. 61.4% of cases gave a previous history of sore throat, and ...

Sir, The inaugural American Urologic Association (AUA) Quality Improvement Summit on January 25, 2014 introduced the directive to compile a white paper on the incidence, prevention, and treatment of complications related to prostate needle biopsy. We believe this summit brings to the urologic community’s attention the critical fact that published guidelines in antibiotic prophylaxis do not refl...

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a problem constantly uppermost in the minds of all surgeons, although the actual rate of occurrence is only 1-5% in general surgery. SSI leads to increases in the cost of care as well as, prolonged hospital stays. Furthermore, in the field of neurosurgery, SSI may result in increased morbidity and mortality, or may induce critical neurologic deficits that have a...

One hundred and seven fattening pig units randomly selected in Catalonia (Spain) were surveyed during 2001-2003, in order to determine the frequency of the prophylactic use of antimicrobials and mass treatments against respiratory and enteric disease outbreaks. Logistic regression and regression tree analysis were done to determine the factors associated with the on-farm mass antimicrobial usag...

BACKGROUND Unnecessary or inappropriate use of antimicrobials is associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, drug toxicity, increased morbidity and health care costs. Antimicrobial use has been reported to be incorrect or not indicated in 9-64% of inpatients. We studied the quality of antimicrobial therapy and prophylaxis in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care hospital to pl...

Surgical site infections (SSIs) lead to adverse patient outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization and death. Wound contamination occurs with each incision, but proven strategies exist to decrease the risk of SSIs. In particular, improved adherence to evidence-based preventative measures related to appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the rate of SSI. Aggressive surgical debrid...

OBJECTIVES In order to assess the prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) before and after the implementation of a multimodal infection control programme including the realization of a campaign to increase compliance with guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis, we designed and conducted the present study involving all 20 of the surgical departments of a large teaching hospital in Catani...

Members of the writing group (Alejandro Hoberman, M.D., Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh; Saul P. Greenfield, M.D., Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Tej K. Mattoo, M.D., Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit; Ron Keren, M.D., M.P.H., Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; Ranjiv Mathews, M.D.,...

Introduction: The management and use of antimicrobial drugs has clinical, economic, and environmental implications. In many countries, antimicrobial drugs are the most frequently prescribed therapeutic agents. Therefore, health-care policy should focus on how to establish a rational attitude toward antibiotics. This study was performed to investigate antibiotic usage as a prophylactic regimen ...