conclusions the results showed that e. coli isolated from patients with uti had eight virulence factors with high frequencies. moreover, these results alleged a direct connection between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in e. coli. results the frequency of virulence factors papc, afa, sfa/foc, fimh, hly, neuc, ibea, and iucc were 53.3%, 51.7%, 53.3%, 56.7%, 23.3%, 31.7%, 20%, and ...

The fitness effects of a mutation can depend, sometimes dramatically, on genetic background; this phenomenon is often referred to as "epistasis." Epistasis can have important practical consequences in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). For example, genetic background plays an important role in determining the costs of resistance, and hence in whether resistance will persist in the a...

The evolution of antibiotic resistance carries a fitness cost, expressed in terms of reduced competitive ability in the absence of antibiotics. This cost plays a key role in the dynamics of resistance by generating selection against resistance when bacteria encounter an antibiotic-free environment. Previous work has shown that the cost of resistance is highly variable, but the underlying causes...

background: multidrug resistance in salmonella enteritidis isolates is a public health problem worldwide; the present study, therefore, was designed for antimicrobial-resistance determination in this strain. methods: salmonella strains isolated from poultry samples by biochemical positive and negative tests were subjected to pcr and identified as salmonella enteritidis. for detection and identi...

Funding for early-stage projects and global collaborations are aiming to breathe life into the fragile ecosystem novel antibiotics.

The discovery of antibiotics represented a turning point in human history. However, by the late 1950s infections that were difficult to treat, involving resistant bacteria, were being reported. Nowadays, multiresistant strains have become a major concern for public and animal health. Antimicrobial resistance is a complex issue, linked to the ability of bacteria to adapt quickly to their environ...