The intersecting HIV and Tuberculosis epidemics in countries with a high disease burden of both infections pose many challenges and opportunities. For patients infected with HIV in high TB burden countries, the diagnosis of TB, ARV drug choices in treating HIV-TB coinfected patients, when to initiate ARV treatment in relation to TB treatment, managing immune reconstitution, minimising risk of g...

HIV resistance to antiretroviral agents is a major contributory cause of treatment failure. The dynamics of HIV replication, together with patient-, physician-, and drug-related factors, lead to emergence of HIV resistant strains in most of the patients. Phenotypic assays look for an increase in the antiretroviral drug (ARV) concentration that inhibits 50% of the growth of the tested HIV strain...

INTRODUCTION HIV-2 infection is endemic in West Africa and some European countries, namely Portugal. HIV-2 antiretroviral (ARV) treatment presents some restrains related to intrinsic resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and fusion inhibitors, and poorer response to protease inhibitors (PI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective observational study of a cohort of ...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to describe the use of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice for the treatment of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to determine the treatment outcomes of HIV-infected patients in whom pharmacogenetic testing was performed. METHODS This study involves a retrospective collection of medical records of HIV-infected pati...

OBJECTIVES To analyze the cost effectiveness of short-cycle therapy (SCT), where patients take antiretroviral (ARV) drugs 5 consecutive days a week and have 2 days off, as an alternative to continuous ARV therapy for young people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and taking efavirenz-based first-line ARV drugs. METHODS We conduct a hierarchical cost-effectiveness analysis based...

We previously reported mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in nine (6.7%) of 135 children on nevirapine prophylaxis in Vietnam. In the current study, we investigated the appearance and profile of antiretroviral drug (ARV) resistance mutations, the predicted coreceptor usage, and the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains isolated from the eight pairs of HIV-1-infected mothers and their children, ...

BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed the frequency of antiretroviral (ARV) drug prescription errors. We analyzed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) prescribing practices for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients undergoing hemodialysis in France. METHODS Prescribed ARV drug doses in our cohort (consisting of all HIV-infected patients who underwent hemodialysis fro...

Background: Beside the fact of poor adherence to antiretroviral drugs in resource limited country, serious adverse effects of the drugs and treatment failure complicate the whole management of antiretroviral therapy. Consequently, treatment modification and discontinuation of therapy has become a common phenomenon and hence limitation of treatment option has turn out the major concern of the fu...

The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and single antiretroviral drugs on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV-RNA burden in HIV-infected patients affected by neurological disorders enrolled in a multicentric Italian cohort. ARVs were considered "neuroactive" from literature reports. Three hundred sixty-three HIV-positive patients with available data fro...

BACKGROUND Accurately identifying individuals who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important to determine ART coverage and proportion on ART who are virally suppressed. ART is also included in recent infection testing algorithms used to estimate incidence. We compared estimates of ART coverage, viral load suppression rates and HIV incidence using ART self-report and detection of antiretro...