The aims of this study were to illustrate the prevalence and determinants of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance in a group of antiretroviral-naive and treatment-experienced patients in Thailand, where antiretroviral drugs are widely used. One hundred and thirteen treatment-naive (92 CRF01_AE and 21 subtype B patients) and 1,709 treatment-experienced patients were recruited...

In a nonrandomized study of nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), a cross-sectional evaluation of subjects who were the source of human immunodeficiency (HIV) exposure was performed to characterize partners of index subjects seeking nonoccupational PEP against HIV. Among 401 index subjects, 64 (16%) recruited a source subject. Those in a steady relationship and those who knew that the...

BACKGROUND In the healthcare sector, it is crucial to identify sustainable strategies in order to allow the introduction and use of innovative technologies. Now, and over the next few years, the expiry of patents for different antiretroviral drugs offers an opportunity to increase the efficiency of resources allocation. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact, on the budget of the...

We describe our experience with tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy in seven HIV-infected children after failure of first line antiretroviral drugs, or due to adverse effects to other antiretrovirals. For follow-up period of average 3.4 years, none had adverse effects or failure of treatment, indicating that tenofovir has good renal and gastrointestinal safety profile in HIV-infected Indian ...

Clinical and Pathological Features ofMitochondrial DNADeletion Disease Following Antiretroviral Treatment Certainnucleosideanalogreverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) antiretroviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection lead to accelerated accumulation of somaticmitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)mutations.1Theclinical significanceof thisobservation isunclearbutadelayed-onsetphe...

Abbreviations: ACS: Acute Coronary Syndrome; CAD: Coronary Artery Disease; cART: combined Combination Antiretroviral Therapy; DAD study: The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs study; DES: Drug Eluting Stents; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; MACCE: Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Event; NRTIs: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; NNRTIs: NonNucleoside Revers...

gust 2003 that compared HIV prevalence in 426 patients with Buruli ulcer and 613 controls in southern Benin, HIV prevalence among patients with Buruli ulcer was higher (2.6%, 11/426) than among controls (0.3%, 2/613) (odds ratio 8.1) (8). However, none of these reported HIV-positive patients with Buruli ulcer were treated with rifampin/streptomycin and antiretroviral therapy (8). A study of 224...

The potential for drug-drug interactions is an important consideration in the treatment of HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. Regimens for HCV genotype 1 infection are discussed in the context of an individual on stable antiretroviral therapy, to determine which HCV treatments may be initiated without requiring a change in antiretroviral regimen or an increase in monitoring for potential ...

Currently, the goal for the first and second, possibly the third, antiretroviral regimen is the suppression of HIV replication to plasma levels below assay detection (ie, <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL). In patients with advanced treatment failure and resistance to numerous drugs, the goal of therapy has been to reduce viral load as much as possible and to maintain immunologic and clinical integrity. ...

The provision of antiretroviral drugs for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission has been rising sharply in low- and middle-income countries. Changes to the World Health Organization guidelines support further extension of these programs. The result will be a greatly expanded population of HIV-exposed but uninfected children with substantial exposure to antiretroviral drugs, both in...