Anorectal malformations (ARM) are associated with a myriad of congenital anomalies. The prevalence rates of associated anomalies range from 20% to 80%, commonest being urogenital anomalies. Other important associations and syndromes include Down syndrome and VACTERL (vertebral, anorectal, cardiac, trachea-esophageal, renal, limb) anomalies [1]. ARM has rarely been described in association with ...

F.R.C.S., and F. Swinford Edwards, F.R.C.S. Second edition. Pp. xix., 324. London: J. & A. Churchill. 1892. The surgery of the rectum has undergone considerable development during late years, and books that were written some years ago have to undergo much alteration to bring them UP to date. The present edition has been carefully revised by the authors, and includes the most approved modern met...

Congenital accessory limbs are very rare anomalies with many causative factors. We describe the case of a 1-day-old female neonate-born to a healthy, 27-year-old mother-who presented with an accessory limb (foot) attached to the buttock and an imperforate anus. We also provide a review of the relevant literature.

ventriculoperitoneal (vp) shunt placement that diverts the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) into the peritoneal cavity is the most common method of treatment of hydrocephalus. this shunt has a high incidence of malfunction mainly due to catheter obstruction or infection. about 20% of these complications are abdominal that may occur at any time after shunt placement from 1 week to several years. this s...