background: epidemic and endemic cholera is a major public health problem for many   countries. aim of this study was to evaluate ap-pcr for investigation of clonal relatedness among the strains of vibrio cholerae recovered from an out­break occurred in different parts of iran in 2005. methods: the study was conducted during the cholera outbreak occurred in some of provinces in iran in summer 2...

Previous studies have shown that 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) induces transcription of the c-jun immediate early response gene in human myeloid leukemia cells. The present work has examined the mechanisms responsible for this effect. Deleted forms of the c-jun promoter were linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and transfected into KG-1 cells. The results demon...

The E6 gene of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) is expressed in fibropapillomas caused by BPV-1 and in tissue culture cells transformed by BPV-1. It encodes one of the two major oncoproteins of BPV-1. In this study, we demonstrate an interaction between the BPV-1 E6 protein and AP-1, the TGN (trans-Golgi network)-specific clathrin adaptor complex. AP-1 is a four-subunit protein complex ...

Intracellular protein trafficking pathways are hijacked by viruses at various stages of viral life-cycle. Heterotetrameric adaptor protein complexes (APs) mediate vesicular trafficking at distinct intracellular sites and are essential for maintaining the organellar homeostasis. In the present study, we studied the effect of AP-1 and AP-3 deficiency on flavivirus infection in cells functionally ...

Water is a source of life that plays an important role for all living things. Rivers are one the water sources vulnerable to pollution. This study aimed evaluate quality Way Napal river based on diversity plankton and benthos. The research was conducted from November 2020 March 2021. Sampling analysis were performed by field technicians SEAMEO BIOTROP Environmental Laboratory. Plankton calculat...

The assembly of clathrin/AP (adaptor protein)-1-coated vesicles on the trans-Golgi network and endosomes is much less studied than that of clathrin/AP-2 vesicles at the plasma membrane for endocytosis. In vitro, the association of AP-1 with protein-free liposomes had been shown to require phosphoinositides, Arf1 (ADP-ribosylation factor 1)-GTP and additional cytosolic factor(s). We have purifie...

As we know breast cancer is the second death reason in Iran. One step of treatment process is radiotherapy, which needs careful consideration of contouring and therapeutic techniques Lung, thyroid, spinal cord, trachea and humerus are sensitive organs in breast cancer radiation therapy.  The most clinical studies recommended two ways for delivering 95 percent of dose to supraclavicular and ...

background: old laying hens are more prone to dietary calcium (ca) and phosphorus (p) deficiencies as  they absorb ca and p less efficiently than younger hens. objectives: in a 2×2 factorial design, the influence of diets with two levels of available phosphorus (ap) and phytase enzyme on the laying performance, egg quality and tibia bone characteristics of laying hens at their late 2nd producti...