The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the combined effects of argon laser irradiation (ArI) and acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment (APF) on caries-like lesion formation in human enamel. Each specimen was divided into tooth quarters with each quarter assigned to one of four groups: 1) control; 2) ArI Only; 3) ArI before APF treatment; 4) APF treatment before ArI. After a fluor...

AIM The aim of the study was to correlate the pH and fluoride ion uptake with surface hardness of composite resin based restorative materials after topical fluoride application. METHODOLOGY Forty disks of each of test materials Composite (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), Resin modified glass ionomer (Vitremer) and Compomer (Dyract AP) were made and ten disks of each material were pl...

It has been established that shunt active power filters are suitable for compensating harmonics in the current fed type harmonic producing loads, likewise the series active power filter (APF) are considered to be suitable for voltage fed type harmonics-producing load. This paper discusses the indirect current control approach in terms of its simplicity and effectiveness for the operation of a s...

A novel algorithm, termed a Boosted Adaptive Particle Filter (BAPF), for integrated face detection and face tracking is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on the synthesis of an adaptive particle filtering algorithm and the AdaBoost face detection algorithm. An Adaptive Particle Filter (APF), based on a new sampling technique, is proposed. The APF is shown to yield more accurate estimate...

high power and medium voltage (MV) applications need Controlled rectifiers such as 12-pulse converters, because of the high reliability, low complexity, robustness and low power losses. But having the drawback of harmonics generation causes power quality problem. Power quality can be improved with passive filters but having disadvantages such as dependency on the source impedances, parallel and...

Bootstrap particle filter as a subcase of APF Here we will show that when q is a delta function, APF recovers the bootstrap particle filter. The Dirac delta function can be considered as the limit of a Gaussian as the variance goes to zero, δ(θ − μ) = limσ2→0N (θ;μ, σ). Therefore, we can view q as an exponential family distribution. Specifically we are dealing with a Gaussian distribution with ...

A novel 8x8 optical phased array based on high-contrast grating (HCG) all-pass filters (APFs) is experimentally demonstrated with high speed beam steering. Highly efficient phase tuning is achieved by micro-electro-mechanical actuation of the HCG to tune the cavity length of the APFs. Using APF phase-shifters allows a large phase shift with an actuation range of only tens of nanometers. The ult...

This paper proposes a new, compact CMOS realization of current-mode (CM) first-order all-pass filter (APF) using no external resistors. The circuit is created using only ten transistors and one external capacitor. The circuit uses lower number of transistors as compared to previously reported CM APFs using active building block (ABB) based approach. A comparison with previously reported CM APFs...

Endoreplication is a variant type of DNA replication, consisting only of alternating G1 and S phases. Many types of Drosophila tissues undergo endoreplication. However, the timing and the extent to which a single endocycling macrochaete undergoes temporally programmed endoreplication during development are unclear. Here, we focused on the dynamics of endoreplication during posterior scutellar (...