Using an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method, we investigated the response of dense granular suspensions to time-varying shear rates and flow reversals. The evolution relative apparent viscosity particle structures was analysed. concentration solids (ϕv) Reynolds numbers (Rep) were varied over ranges 6%≤ϕv≤47% 0.105≤Rep≤0.529. simulations included sub-grid scale corrections for unresolve...

Shear stress due to mechanical loading-induced flow of interstitial fluid through the lacuno-canalicular network is a likely signal for bone cell adaptive responses. Moreover, the rate (determined by frequency and magnitude) of mechanical loading determines the amount of bone formation. Whether the bone cells' response to fluid shear stress is rate dependent is unknown. Here we investigated whe...

INTRODUCTION In the normal hip, stress is distributed over the entire crossection of the femur. Bending and axial compression are the major modes of loading. Following THA, the stress in the bone is significantly different mainly due to the manner in which the load is transferred to the femur (Huiskes, 1990, Huiskes, 1995). In this case, the load is primarily transferred through shear across th...

Vascular endothelial cells (EC) are continuously exposed to shear stress associated with the flowing blood. Over the years, it has become clear that such shear exerts a multitude of effects on endothelial biology and vascular function and structure, ranging in time span from seconds to months. On the scale of seconds, shear-dependent vasodilation has been demonstrated in many experimental setti...

The three-dimensional tertiary structure of human von Willebrand Factor (vWF) on a hydrophobic surface under aqueous conditions and different shear stress regimes was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). vWF was imaged by AFM at molecular level resolution under negligible shear stress, under a local applied shear force (7.4 to 19 nN) using the AFM probe in contact mode scanning, and after ...

We present extensive computational results for the effective temperature, defined by the fluctuation-dissipation relation between the mean square displacement and the average displacement of grains, under the action of a weak, external perturbation, of a sheared, bi-disperse granular packing of compressible spheres. We study the dependence of this parameter on the shear rate and volume fraction...

Frictional and frictionless granular materials in a split-bottom ring shear cell geometry show wide shear bands under slow, quasi-static deformation. Here, the differences between frictional and frictionless materials are elaborated using discrete element simulations (DEM). Several continuum fields like the density, the velocity field, the deformation gradient and the stress are used here for c...

In this paper, layerwise theory (LT) along with the first, second and third-order shear deformation theories (FSDT, SSDT and TSDT) are used to determine the stress distribution in a simply supported square sandwich plate subjected to a uniformly distributed load. Two functionally graded (FG) face sheets encapsulate an elastomeric core while two epoxy adhesive layers adhere the core to the face ...