in this article, demand equations for import of consumer, intermediate and capital goods for the period 1971(2) to 1999(1), is estimated and analyzed, using the ardl pesaran & shin method. the results show that the behavior of the different categories of imported goods in iran is best explained by the parallel market exchange rate, implying this rate is a closer approximation fir the opportunit...

Dolarizasyon, bir ülkede ulusal paranın yerine yabancı kullanılmasıdır. Türkiye'de dolarizasyon olgusunun kökleri, döviz mevduatı mevzuatı ile 1960'ların sonu ve 1970'lerin başında oluşmaya başlamıştır. 1980'lerde 1990'larda finansal serbestleşme ilgili reformlar, düzenlemelerindeki değişiklikler makroekonomik gelişmeler, dolarizasyonun gelişmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. O günlerin yüksek oran...

Sustainable economic growth requires financial sector development. However, development is low in Ethiopia. Hence, the main objective of study was to examine determinants Annual data from 1980 2019 used and examined by ARDL estimation technique. Private credit money supply as percentage GDP were dependent variables. Independent variables include external debt, reserve requirement, real exchange...

ABSTRACT-Due to the important role productivity plays in future decision making and programming, the productivity indexes should have accurate quantities. In this study, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) methods are applied to time series of 1978-2008 to accurately measure total factor productivity (TFP) in the agricultural sector of Iran. The comparison of these...

his study attempts to examine the empirical relationship between gasoline taxes (as the most effective energy carrier of emissions) and labor productivities in the case of Iran using the time series data for the period 1990-2015  usingthe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. This research tests the interrelationship between the variables using the bounds testing to cointegration proc...

The nexus between foreign direct investment and economic growth has long been among the most debated issues in macroeconomics. Some studies find a positive link two factors, but others no evidence. This current research fills gap by analysing causal Indonesia for period 1970-2018. as developing country is one of largest recipients FDI flow; hence study on impact very much important. employs con...

External debt service is major variable in economic growth and public debate. However, this often ignored literature. This study investigated the relationship between external Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. A quantitative research approach was adopted for study. The method estimation Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model. ARDL bound test results showed there co-integration. speed of change ...