Water resources in arid and semi-arid inland regions are highly vulnerable, facing threats from global climate change human activities. Ensuring water resource sustainability requires scientifically evaluating the vulnerability of its driving factors. Taking Shule River Basin, an river northwest China, as example, this study established assessment system considering 16 influencing factors based...

The contradiction between economic growth, social development, and water environment deterioration represent significant challenges for river basin sustainable development. By constructing an indicator system of the entropy method is adopted to conduct a quantitative evaluation cities development level Weihe River Basin in Shaanxi Province from 2009 2018, standard deviational ellipse used analy...

The metabolism of a river basin is defined as the set of processes through which the basin maintains its structure and responds to its environment. Green (or biotic) metabolism is measured via transpiration and blue (or abiotic) metabolism through runoff. A principle of equal metabolic rate per unit area throughout the basin structure is developed and tested in a river basin characterized by la...

1. introduction the meaning of sustainability is an effort to reach the best results in human and environmental programs which are considered to be for present and future. zayandeh-rud is the most important and vital river in esfahan area which is used in agriculture, industry, providing drinking water and all other economic sectors. this river is originated from the zagros mountains – zardkooh...

The water of the Colorado River of the southwestern United States (U.S.) is presently used beyond its reliable supply, and the flow of this river is forecast to decrease significantly due to climate change. A recent interim report of the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study is the first acknowledgment of these facts by U.S. federal water managers. In light of this new stance, we e...

Two end-members characterize a continuum of continental extensional tectonism: rift settings and highly extended terrains. These different styles result in and are recorded by different extensional basins. Intracontinental rifts (e.g. East Africa, Lake Baikal) usually occur in thermally equilibrated crust of normal thickness. Rift settings commonly display alkali to tholeiitic magmatism, steepl...

This paper analyzes downstream effects of freshwater flow diversion from a small, active-continentalmargin river basin. The Skokomish River delta, a tributary estuary to Hood Canal in Washington state, receives drainage from the southeastern side of the Olympic Mountains. Its drainage basin is steep, and rainfall is high. Since completion of two dams in 1930, approximately 40% of the annual ave...

s: 30–31.Richter, B.D., Mendelson, M.A. & Master, L.L. (1997a). Threats to imperiled freshwater fauna.Conservation Biology, 11: 1081–1093. Richter, B.D, Baumgartner, J.V., Wigington, R. & Braun, D.P. (1997b). How much water doesa river need? Freshwater Biology, 37: 231–249.Riley, A.L. (1998). Restoring Streams in Cities: a Guide for Planners, Policymakers, and Citizens. Washingt...

The Standardized Precipitation Index SPI-3, associated with three months of rainfall accumulation, is a drought index for detecting immediate impacts. two-parameter gamma distribution, recommended by the World Meteorological Organization as underlying distribution estimating SPI, has shown limits in semi-arid and arid conditions respect to normality test resulting SPI series. Our purpose was ev...