Since road signs are officially managed by local government, they are reliable information for drivers. For systematic managing the road sign information, it is necessary to construct road sign database. In this paper, we deals with automatic road direction information extracting algorithm from road sign imagery obtained by MMS (Mobile Mapping System). Our algorithm consists of three phase. In ...

We introduce the arrow calculus, a metalanguage for manipulating Hughes’s arrows with close relations both to Moggi’s metalanguage for monads and to Paterson’s arrow notation. Arrows are classically defined by extending lambda calculus with three constructs satisfying nine (somewhat idiosyncratic) laws; in contrast, the arrow calculus adds four constructs satisfying five laws (which fit two wel...

The development of cancer is driven by complex genetic and epigenetic changes that result in aberrant and uncontrolled cellular growth. Epigenetic changes, in particular, are implicated in the silencing or activation of key genes that control cellular growth and apoptosis and contribute to transformative potential. The purpose of this review is to define and assess the treatment strategy of "ep...

This paper seeks to explain and relate three macroscopic arrows of time: the thermodynamic arrow, defined by entropy-generating processes in closed systems, the historical arrow, defined by information-generating processes in certain open systems, and the cosmological arrow, defined by the cosmic

We analyze the ex ante incentive compatible core for replicated private information economies. We show that any allocation in the core when the economy is replicated sufficiently often is approximately Walrasian for the associated Arrow–Debreu economy.  2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: C7; C71; D5

We present an auction-based algorithm for computing market equilibrium prices in a production model, in which producers have a single linear production constraint, and consumers have linear utility functions. We provide algorithms for both the Fisher and Arrow-Debreu versions of the problem.

We show that financial innovations that change the collateral capacity of assets in the economy can affect investment even in the absence of any shift in utilities, productivity, or asset payoffs. First we show that the ability to leverage an asset by selling non-contingent promises can generate over-investment compared to the Arrow-Debreu level. Second, we show that the introduction of naked C...