1. When rats developed cardiac hypertrophy or elevation of blood pressure as a result of one of several methods designed to bring about arterial hypertension, renal vascular disease occurred frequently. 2. When injury to one kidney was followed by cardiac hypertrophy or elevation of blood pressure, vascular lesions were found with considerable regularity in the opposite one, as well as in the o...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although arterial hypertension is less common in children than in adults, there is growing concern about elevated blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents not only because of the association of elevated values with the overweight epidemic, but also as cardiovascular functions are determined in childhood and track into adulthood. The purpose of the review is to discuss n...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterised by vascular remodelling of the small lung arteries leading to a decrease of the vessel lumen and eventually to occlusion. According to the current guidelines, PAH is defined by a pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 25 mmHg, an arterial wedge pressure ≤ 15 mmHg, and an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR > 3 WU). The current...

cytometry analysis of BAL cells. Table 1 integrates information given in our published paper, clearly demonstrating that the number of BAL neutrophils was fair in our case series. This unfortunately prevented a definitive evaluation of whether polymorph nucleates represent a source of IL-17. Nonetheless, as shown in figure 1, in selected cases with a significant number of BAL neutrophils (two s...

OBJECTIVE To critically review recent medical literature, focusing on practical features that are relevant for diagnosis and outpatient treatment of pediatric hypertension. SOURCES Classic articles and systematic review of recent literature through electronic search of Medline and Lilacs databases over the last 10 years, using the key words arterial hypertension, newborns, infants, preschool,...

To assess the validity of ultrasound criteria for pulmonary arterial hypertension, we studied pulmonary valve motion in 28 patients and 20 normal subjects. In the latter group, we categorised normal movement of the posterior leaflet of the pulmonary valve in a fashion not previously described. Of the 28 patients, 19 had pulmonary arterial hypertension (pulmonary artery mean pressure more than 2...

Pulmonary syndromes in the setting of hepatic disease with portal hypertension include portopulmonary hypertension (POPH), hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hepatic hydrothorax. POPH is defined as pulmonary arterial hypertension with portal hypertension in the absence of other causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension. HPS is a defect in arterial oxygenation as a result of pulmonary micro vasc...

M ore than 50 yrs ago, DRESDALE et al. [1] reported a series of 39 patients with unexplained pulmonary hypertension and coined the term ‘‘primary pulmonary hypertension’’ to describe the condition, a term that has been revised to ‘‘idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension’’ in the most recent classification [2]. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is a disease of the small pulmonary ar...

T he heart is but one of several target organs that is damaged by long-standing arterial hypertension. Unlike the diagnosis of functional and structural changes in the brain and kidneys the diagnosis of such changes in the heart can be made early and quantified accurately at the bedside by echocardiography, Holter monitoring, and radionuclide studies. In hypertension, the heart not only suffers...