Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) actuator has been widely used in medical and rehabilitation robots, owing to its high power-to-weight ratio and inherent safety characteristics. However, the PAM exhibits highly non-linear and time variant behavior, due to compressibility of air, use of elastic-viscous material as core tube and pantographic motion of the PAM outer sheath. It is difficult to obt...

Improved electrically powered artificial muscles are needed for generating force, moving objects, and accomplishing work. Carbon nanotube aerogel sheets are the sole component of new artificial muscles that provide giant elongations and elongation rates of 220% and (3.7 x 10(4))% per second, respectively, at operating temperatures from 80 to 1900 kelvin. These solid-state-fabricated sheets are ...

In this summary of previous work, I argue that data becomes temporarily interesting by itself to some selfimproving, but computationally limited, subjective observer once he learns to predict or compress the data in a better way, thus making it subjectively more “beautiful.” Curiosity is the desire to create or discover more non-random, non-arbitrary, “truly novel,” regular data that allows for...

In this work, the ability of Artificial Neural Network or ANN based on back-propagation algorithm to modeling and predicting of compressibility factor of natural gas has been investigated. The MSE analysis based on results, are used to verifying the suggested approach. Results show, a good agreement between experimental data and ANN predictions. An important feature of the model is its needless...

Many soft tissues are considered to be virtually incompressible. A number of recent analyses of the mechanics of these tissues have used Poisson's ratios in the range of 0.45 to 0.49 with little or no documentation, the apparent assumption being that a small change in Poisson's ratio will not significantly affect the results. We demonstrate here that the mechanics of a narrowly contained soft t...

We realized an integrated microfluidic chip that allows measuring both optical deformability and acoustic compressibility on single cells, by optical stretching and acoustophoresis experiments respectively. Additionally, we propose a measurement protocol that allows evaluating the experimental apparatus parameters before performing the cell-characterization experiments, including a non-destruct...

In this research, a new multidimensional characteristic based upwind scheme for the solution of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The incompressible flow equations have been coupled each other by the aid of artificial compressibility method. Unlike to the traditional characteristic based (CB) schemes, the present scheme is genuinely multidimensional in that the local characte...

The approximate method for the account of compressibility, which was successfully applied earlier for 2-D problems, is developed for axisymmetric case in the present work. The offered method is analyzed with reference to two mediums: air and water. Comparison of the results of calculations on an offered method and a method of Dorodnitsyn integrate relations has shown acceptable accuracy of the ...

Finite-volume procedure is presented for solving the natural convection of the laminar  nanofluid flow in a Γ shaped microchannel in this article. Modified Navier-Stokes equations for nanofluids are the basic equations for this problem. Slip flow region, including the effects of velocity slip and temperature jump at the wall, are the main characteristics of flow in the slip flow region. Steady ...

In this paper two preconditioners for the saddle point problem are analysed: one based on the augmented Lagrangian approach and another involving artificial compressibility. Eigenvalue analysis shows that with these preconditioners small condition numbers can be achieved for the preconditioned saddle point matrix. The preconditioners are compared with commonly used preconditioners from literatu...