Traveling to high altitudes can expose the eye to reduced ambient cold and low-pressure environments. These conditions can affect the physiology of the eye and may result in ocular problems and visual disturbances. In this paper, ocular disorders related to high altitudes are briefly reviewed. Then, high-altitude ocular disorders are categorized in three parts: those related to dry and cold env...

In order to increase the water content and the oxygen permeability of hydrogels used in themanufacture of contact lenses, the polar monomer Silicon Hydrogel Contact Lenses (SHCL), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were copolymerized with the hydrogels. Due to the presence ofpolar monomers in the conventional contact lenses, the major component of the human tear,lysozyme is extensively adso...

PURPOSE Human meibomian lipids are the major part of the lipid layer of the tear film. Their surfactant properties enable their spread across the aqueous layer and help maintain a stable tear film. The purpose of this study was to investigate surfactant properties of human meibomian lipids in vitro and to determine effects of different physical conditions such as temperature and increased osmol...

BACKGROUND The study sought to determine dynamic changes and theoretical bases of a clinical diagnostic test, the tear clearance rate. METHODS Thirty four healthy subjects ranging in age from 22 to 84 years underwent examination of tear clearance rate, the Schirmer test with anaesthesia, as well as fluorophotometric measurement of tear turnover, tear volume, and tear flow. By applying 0.5% fl...

The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) (JK Orthomedic Ltd, Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec, Canada) artificial ligament. Compared with older artificial ligaments, the LARS, which has been used in Europe for 15 years, is more resistant to wear and tear, has satisfactory ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use atomic force microscopy to compare and characterize the cleaning abilities of a hydrogen peroxide-based system (HPS) and a polyhexamethylene biguanide-containing multipurpose solution (MPS) at removing in vitro deposited tear film constituents, as well as to determine deposition patterns on various silicone hydrogel contact lenses. METHODS Silicone...

Lipid-containing artificial tears are a type of artificial tears that use lipid components in order to restore the lipid layer of the tear film. One of these components is lecithin which can be applied in spray solutions containing lecithin liposomes. In this work the behavior of three of these commercial tears based on lecithin, Innoxa, Opticalm and Optrex, are studied using the Langmuir techn...

Twenty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis and moderate to severe bilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca were treated with artificial tears and a soluble slow-release artificial tear insert in a crossover trial. While using the inserts all but two patients reported an improvement in their symptoms. All the patients showed an improvement in the degree of conjunctival and corneal staining while ...