This paper identifies and analyzes the efforts of ASEAN member states in addressing contemporary threats hardships experienced by refugees. The situation is further exacerbated pandemic brought about COVID-19 coronavirus. As an international organization, expected to have a collective cooperative strategy address this. However, do not exhibit large-scale collaborative resolve plight Rather, mut...

Solar water heating (SWH) systems are gaining popularity in ASEAN in the midst of increasing number of affluent population in society and environmental concerns from seemingly unchanged reliance on fossil-based fuels. The penetration of these systems and technologies into ASEAN markets is a welcome development; however there is a need for the method of assessment of their thermal performances. ...