Safety case development is not a post-development activity, rather it should occur throughout the system development lifecycle. The key components in a safety case are safety arguments. Too often, safety arguments are constructed without proper reasoning. Inappropriate reasoning in safety arguments could undermine a system’s safety claims, which in turn contributes to safety-related failures of...

Nominal predicates often carry implicit arguments. Recent work on semantic role labeling has focused on identifying arguments within the local context of a predicate; implicit arguments, however, have not been systematically examined. To address this limitation, we have manually annotated a corpus of implicit arguments for ten predicates from NomBank. Through analysis of this corpus, we find th...

In this paper we consider legal reasoning as a species of practical reasoning. As such it is important both that arguments are considered in the context of competing, attacking and supporting arguments, and that the possibility of rational disagreement is accommodated. We present two formal frameworks for considering systems of arguments: the standard framework of Dung, and an extension which r...

In a recent article, "Can One Both Contribute to and Benefit from Herd Immunity?", Lucie White (2021) argues that vaccine refusal is more like free riding than we have claimed it is. Here, critically reply White’s arguments.

Abstract In this paper we critically analyse W. Heisenberg’s arguments against the ontology of point particles following trajectories in quantum theory, presented his famous 1927 and Chicago lectures (1929). Along way, will clarify meaning uncertainty relation help resolve some confusions related to it.

  Background: In children, inappropriate treatment of open femoral fractures may induce several complications. A few studies have compared the external fixator with flexible intramedullary nails in high-grade open femoral fractures of children. The present study aims at comparing results of these two treatment methods in open femoral fractures. Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 27 ...

This paper critically engages with dominant obesity discourses, making particular reference to the perceived epidemic of ’excess’ weight among men in England. It expands upon arguments written for the Men’s Health Forum during the run up to their recent conference on ‘tackling male weight problems’. The science legitimating the war against fat is questioned as well as arguments offered by those...

We critically discuss the arguments reported in cond-mat/0609285 by B. Delamotte, Yu. Holovatch, D. Ivaneyko, D. Mouhanna, and M. Tissier. We show that their conclusions are not theoretically founded. They are contradicted by theoretical arguments and numerical results. On the contrary, perturbative field theory provides a robust evidence for the existence of chiral fixed points in O(2) ⊗ O(N) ...

Alwyn Young (2000) provided evidence for distortions begetting distortions in a partially reformed economy by examining barriers to inter-provincial trade in China. His findings of increasing barriers to inter-provincial trade are based on five arguments. This paper critically examines each of the five arguments and their evidence in turn, and concludes that in all five instances neither argume...