In this paper, we consider robotic surveillance tasks that involve visual perception. The robot has a limited access to a remote operator to ask for help. However, humans may not be able to accomplish the visual task in many scenarios, depending on the sensory input. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based approach that allows the robot to probabilistically predict human visual perfo...

OBJECTIVES This article investigates whether the help with care needs that is received from others depends on the potential supply of family helpers. METHODS Data from the first round of survey data collected in the National Health and Aging Trends Study are used to create measures of whether help is received, the number of helpers, and the hours of help received. Regression analysis is used ...

Uncertainty monitoring is a core property of metacognition, allowing individuals to adapt their decision-making strategies depending on the state of their knowledge. Although it has been argued that other animals share these metacognitive abilities, only humans seem to possess the ability to explicitly communicate their own uncertainty to others. It remains unknown whether this capacity is pres...

From early in development, humans have strong prosocial tendencies. Much research has documented young children's propensity to help others achieve their unfulfilled goals toward physical objects. Yet many of our most common and important goals are social--directed toward other people. Here we demonstrate that children are also inclined, and able, to help others achieve their social goals. Thre...

What makes people help each other? To explore the origin of human altruism, we tested whether 16-month-old infants have an expectation of helping behavior when they observe an interaction between others. Infants watched videos in which one (capable) agent had achieved a goal while the other (incapable) one could not. In a subsequent situation, the capable agent either helped the incapable agent...

Humans closely monitor others' cooperative relationships [1, 2]. Children and adults willingly incur costs to reward helpers and punish non-helpers-even as bystanders [3-5]. Already by 3 months, infants favor individuals that they observe helping others [6-8]. This early-emerging prosocial preference may be a derived motivation that accounts for many human forms of cooperation that occur beyond...