occupational exposure to toluene is associated with development and progression of renal failure. however, the cellular mechanisms by which these agents cause renal dysfunction and injury remain elusive. the present study investigates the effect of toluene on animal model (rat) kidney to present a broader understanding of the mechanism by which toluene causes renal injury. adult male rats recei...

we reviewed 55 cases with trauma to the urinary bladder. blunt trauma was the cause of injury in 78 percent of cases and associated pelvic fracture was present in 75 percent. eighty percent of extraperitoneal ruptures were associated with fracture of the pelvis. the most common cause of trauma was car accident (63%), followed by war injury (20%). nearly two-thirds of patients (63 %) had extrape...

Objective(s): Cardiovascular disease has an important role in mortality caused by lung injury. Emphysema is associated with impaired pulmonary gas exchange efficiency and airflow limitation associated with small airway inflammation. The aim was to evaluate the interactions between lung injury, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Since gallic acid has antioxidant ...

To identify anatomic and physiologic characteristics of children which are different from adults and to explain major patterns and responses of different types of injuries and to apply ATLS principles in management of injured kids and to emphasize on injury prevention to reduce the impact of injury in children. Children have larger head, smaller jaw, shorter, narrower, funnel shaped airway, sof...

The treatment strategy of colonic injuries is a debatable and highly controversial subject worldwide in various medical centers. The method of treatment of left and .. right colonic injuries, diversity or similarity in their management and particularly differences between the treatment of war-associated injury from other types of colonic damage are among the unsettled issues. The present s...

After spontaneous vaginal delivery, a 32-week-gestation female baby presented immediately with respiratory distress, APGAR scores 0 (1 min) and 2 (5 min), generalized skin oedema and bilateral pleural effusion. The prenatal history was unremarkable. The clinical diagnosis was nonimmune hydrops fetalis, and treatment with mechanical ventilation, surfactant, prostaglandin and supportive measures ...