The deep winter mixed layer (ML), ?240 m, in the northwestern North Pacific subtropical gyre exchanges heat and absorbs carbon dioxide from atmosphere, receives nutrients through Kuroshio. ML water spreads broadly subsurface ocean over gyre. Compiling historical temperature measurements, we show that depth (MLD) has decreased by ?6% last six decades. Observations, atmospheric reanalyzes, simula...

The Northeast U.S. (NEUS) continental shelf has experienced rapid warming in recent decades. Over the NEUS shelf, circulation and annual cycle of heating cooling lead to local variability water properties. mixed layer depth (MLD) is a key factor that determines amount upper ocean warming. A detailed description MLD, particularly its seasonal spatial patterns, not been developed for shelf. We co...

Evidence of ice crystals at cloud top of Arctic boundary-layer mixed-phase clouds derived from airborne remote sensing A. Ehrlich, M. Wendisch, E. Bierwirth, J.-F. Gayet, G. Mioche, A. Lampert, and B. Mayer Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Mainz, Germany Lab. for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Lab. de Météorologi...

The Arctic Ocean is acidifying from absorption of man-made CO2. Current predictive models of that acidification focus on surface waters, and their results argue that deep waters will acidify by downward penetration from the surface. Here we show, with an alternative model, the rapid, near simultaneous, acidification of both surface and deep waters, a prediction supported by current, but limited...

In the present study NiCrAlY bond coating layer was produced by electroplating against common atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Both types of the bond coats were applied on IN738LC base metal then, the YSZ (ZrO2-8% Y2O3) thermal barrier top layer was coated by atmospheric plasma spray technique. Hot corrosion is one of the main destructive factors in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) which come ...

A model for the climatological mean sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical Pacific Ocean is developed. The upper ocean response is computed using a time dependent, linear, reduced gravity model, with the addition of a constant depth frictional surface layer. The full three-dimensional temperature equation and a surface heat flux parameterization that requires pecification ofonly wind spe...