Female Edovum puttleri Grissell [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae], reared from eggs of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) or Leptinotarsa texana Schaeffer [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], were videotaped as they attacked egg masses of L. decemlineata containing 20 host eggs. We identified 15 components of ovipositional behavior. Parasitoids reared on L. texana attacked and oviposited in significantly more hos...

Recent advances in wireless networking technologies, along with ubiquitous sensing and computing, have brought significant convenience for location-based services. The localization issue in wireless sensor networks under the nonadversarial scenario has already been well studied. However, most existing localization schemes cannot provide satisfied performance under the adversarial scenario. In t...

The problem of maximising the number of squares on a chess board which can be attacked by a configuration of the eight main pieces was first posed in 1849. We report on a computer search which proves that at most 63 squares can be simultaneously attacked, and we give results for other variations of the problem. Our search technique, which pruned the space of2.27x 10 positions to 1.03 x 10, is o...

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a muscle disease with two separate pathogenic components, degeneration and inflammation. Typically, nonnecrotic myofibers are focally surrounded and invaded by CD8(+) T cells and macrophages. Both attacked and nonattacked myofibers express high levels of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules, a prerequisite for antigen presentation to CD8(+)...

Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) is an Asian coccinellid released in several places to act as a biological control agent of aphids. Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) is an endoparasite that uses more than 40 coccinellid species as hosts. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between D. coccinellae and H. axyridis and to determine the impact of the parasitoid on th...

The kinetics of cotton cellulose depolymerization by the brown rot fungus Postia placenta and the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated with solid-state cultures. The degree of polymerization (DP; the average number of glucosyl residues per cellulose molecule) of cellulose removed from soil-block cultures during degradation by P. placenta was first determined viscosimet...