Driver distraction is caused by a competing activity and leads to unsafe driving. Mental workload changes with task demands and influences performance. Though distraction and mental workload are strongly related, they are not the same. Performance motivation and task engagement influence performance and consequently distraction but not workload; environment complexity and driver state influence...

In a prospective study, 26 patients aged 9 days to 12 years old underwent mandibular distraction. There were 18 bilateral and 8 unilateral distractions performed. Five patients had previous distraction. Torque measurements were performed during the distraction process. A modest linear increase in torque was noted during the distraction process. Older patients required more torque to achieve the...

The purpose of this study was to develop an improved technique of alveolar ridge augmentation by distraction osteogenesis using distraction screws, and to investigate tissue reactions to titanium implants at the distraction site. The left mandibular premolars were extracted from 6 adult dogs. After 12 weeks, a box-shaped osteotomy of the alveolar bone was carried out, and distraction devices we...

Majority of surgical experience with distraction technology has been in orthopaedics. Early results indicate the process to be equally effective in facial skeletal reconstruction. Distraction osteogenesis has proven to be a major advance for the treatment of several congenital and acquired mandibular deformities. A review of the literature dealing with distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the mandi...

Auditory distraction is a failure to maintain focus on a stream of sounds. We investigated the neural correlates of distraction in a selective-listening pitch-discrimination task with high (competing speech) or low (white noise) distraction. High-distraction impaired performance and reduced the N1 peak of the auditory Event-Related Potential evoked by probe tones. In a series of simulations, we...

Congenital brachymetatarsia most commonly involves the fourth ray and may be combined with metacarpal shortening. Now, many reports demonstrated the usefulness of distraction osteogenesis for lengthening of the metatarsals by using an external distraction device. In this article, we treated shortening fourth metatarsal by bone lengthening using the internal distraction device. This technique ha...

Intermodal binding between affective information that is seen as well as heard triggers a mandatory process of audiovisual integration. In order to track the time course of this audiovisual binding, event related brain potentials were recorded while subjects saw facial expression and concurrently heard auditory fragment. The results suggest that the combination of the two inputs is early in tim...

We describe a systematic methodology for extending the audiovisual content description standards (MPEG-7 and TV-Anytime) with domain-specific knowledge descriptions expressed in OWL. The domain-specific descriptions of the audiovisual content metadata are completely transparent to applications and tools that use MPEG-7 and TV-Anytime, allowing them to use the domainspecific ontologies without a...

The present study investigated the cortical large-scale functional network underpinning audiovisual integration via magnetoencephalographic recordings. The reorganization of this network related to long-term musical training was investigated by comparing musicians to nonmusicians. Connectivity was calculated on the basis of the estimated mutual information of the sources' activity, and the corr...

In audiovisual composition, coupling montage moving images with music is common practice. Interpretation of the effect on an audioviewer's consequent interpretation of the composition is discursive and unquantified. Methodology for evaluating the audiovisual multimodal interactivity is proposed, developing an analysis procedure via the study of modality interdependent transient structures, expl...