During the last 26 years, 21 patients with cirrhosis of the liver with severe cyanosis and gross clubbing simulating congenital cyanotic heart disease were subjected to cardiac catheterisation and angiography, splenography, liver function tests and liver biopsy. One patient had tetralogy of Fallot in addition, which was satisfactorily corrected. He continued to be intensely cyanosed and dyspnoe...

Pancreatic fistulas are among the most devastating complications after pancreatic surgery. Their subsequent development can be lethal. We report two cases of pancreatic fistulas treated with phenytoin. Fistula tract healing consists of several processes, including cell migration and the formation of a new extracellular matrix. Multiple studies have shown that phenytoin can promote wound healing...

The Martius flap procedure is a surgical procedure used to treat obstetric fistulas in women. Heinrich Martius developed the procedure in twentieth century Germany to treat women with urinary incontinence caused by stress, and later doctors used it to repair obstetric fistulas. Fistulas occur in pregnant women when a hole is torn between the vagina [3] and the urinary tract (called vesicovagina...

Mycotic aortic aneurysms account for 1–3% of all aortic aneurysms. The management of this disease is controversial. Since open surgical repair is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, endovascular aneurysm repair is an alternative treatment method with promising early and midterm outcomes, although its long-term durability is unknown.Secondary aortoenteric fistulas may occur iatro...

We report an uncommon clinical case of multiple, diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas that occurred during childhood. A 15-year-old Japanese girl with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas presented with moderate hypoxemia and was treated by left lower lobectomy for complete resection of the arteriovenous fistulas. Clinical and radiographic features are presented.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas are fistulas connecting the branches of dural arteries to dural veins or a venous sinus. Digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing these fistulas. Endovascular treatment is one of the first line options available for their management. This review article reviews the etiopathogenesis, natural history, common classification systems and v...

Congenital systemic-to-pulmonary artery fistulas are very rare, with the exception of congenital heart disease and pulmonary sequestration. We describe the first reported case of left internal mammary and bronchial artery to pulmonary artery fistulas associated with bilateral coronary arteries to pulmonary artery fistulas.

Malignant transformation of fistulas in Crohn's disease (CD) patients is rare. Prior studies mainly focused on perianal fistulas as a complication of CD, and little is known about carcinoma in enterocutaneous fistulas. There are increasing concerns that chronic immunosuppression with azathioprine, widely used for remission maintenance and post-operative recurrence prevention in CD, could increa...

Bilateral coronary artery fistulas with the coronary artery stenosis are rare. In this case, we successfully performed closure of coronary artery fistulas with coronary artery bypass grafting. Furthermore, we were able to measure the flow in the coronary artery fistulas using transit-time flow measurement.

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