The most commonly available 2' hydroxyl protecting group used in the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides is the tert-butyldimethylsilyl moiety. This protecting group is generally cleaved with 1 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The efficiency of this reaction was tested on ribonucleotidyldeoxythymidine dinucleotides (AT, CT, GT, and UT). We have found that the efficie...

-Field experience has shown that soil conditions can have large effects on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) detection of landmines. We discuss available models for the prediction of the dielectric constant from soil physical properties including bulk density, soil texture, and water content. The soil dielectric constant determines the attenuation of the radar signal. The contrast between the diel...

22 A GPS-based method is presented to measure vegetation water content. Commercially available 23 geodetic-quality GPS receivers and antennas are used. The method is tested using GPS 24 measurements collected over three field seasons. The GPS data are compared with in situ data 25 for three plant types: desert grass, wheat and alfalfa. The GPS retrievals or vegetation water 26 content are based...

Parameter estimation for health monitoring and sensorless scenario is achieved online via model-based robust state observer. The proposed dynamic algorithm observes a state (output voltage) of fuel cell system (FCS) in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. Using this observation, membrane conductivity is estimated. The conductivity is function of water content and temperature which gi...

Abstract To study the effect of water stress in rapeseed cultivars at the seedling stage, 10 rapeseed cultivars were evaluated at three irrigation levels [normal irrigation (control) and irrigation after depletion of 60 and 85% of available soil water]. Analysis of variance showed considerable variation among cultivars. Water stress reduced all of the studied morphological characteristics, espe...

dianchi lake is one of the most three seriously eutrophic lakes in china. in the present study, the phosphorus (p) and nitrogen (n) fractions in 37 surface sediments samples collected in the dianchi lake were investigated. the total phophorus (tp) in sediments was divided into two parts: inorganic p (ip) and residual p (res-p). the results showed that the total phosphorus content in surface sed...