BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root soil penetration and path optimization are fundamental for root development in soil. We describe the influence of soil strength on root elongation rate and diameter, response to gravity, and root-structure tortuosity, estimated by average curvature of primary maize roots. METHODS Soils with different densities (1·5, 1·6, 1·7 g cm-3), particle sizes (sandy loam; coarse...

Abstract To study the effect of water stress in rapeseed cultivars at the seedling stage, 10 rapeseed cultivars were evaluated at three irrigation levels [normal irrigation (control) and irrigation after depletion of 60 and 85% of available soil water]. Analysis of variance showed considerable variation among cultivars. Water stress reduced all of the studied morphological characteristics, espe...

Different methods have been proposed for in situ root-length density (RLD) measurement. One widely employed is the time-consuming sampling of soil cores or monoliths (MO). The profile wall (PW) method a less precise, but faster and laborious alternative. However, depth-differentiated functions to convert PW RLD estimates MO measurements not yet reported. In this study, we perform regression ana...

understanding of wheat root system is important in dryland conditions. root development, important factor in wheat production under water limiting conditions, can be affected by environmental factors especially nitrogen fertilizer. a field experiment was carried out to study the nitrogen rates and application times on root morphology of three rainfed wheat genotypes, using a split-splitplot bas...

background wound healing is a dynamic process with inflammatory response and oxidative reaction in the damaged area. alpha ointment (ao) and arnebia euchroma (arnebia) are herbal medicines with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can be used as wound healing agents. ao is a commonly used ointment while arnebia is a newly introduced one. objectives we aimed to compare the effects of a...

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to determine the accuracy of crown and root length measurements of premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to generate reference CBCT-based data on incisor, canine, and premolar lengths in patients with malocclusions. METHODS Imaging was performed using a CBCT scanner with a 0.292-mm voxel size and 12-bit grayscale. The CBCT-based len...

To characterize some important eco-physiological aspects of  Alhagi pseudalhagi growth, the present investigation was conducted at the farm of Khorasan Agricultural Research Center during 2004-2005. Various botanical characteristics including root structure and existence of starch in root were studied. Number of seeds per pod, pod length and test weight were recorded. A number of field and pot ...