This article presents a brief history of artificial intelligence research at the Rand Corporation. Rand has long been a leader in the field of AI, beginning with the seminal work of Newell, Shaw, and Simon some thirty years ago, and continues with recent work in expert systems and knowledge-based simulation. This article traces the major accomplishments in AI at Rand with particular emphasis on...

Let M = 2w, and GM = {1, 3, ...,M − 1}. A sequence {yn}, yn ∈ GM , is obtained by the formula yn+1 ≡ ayn + b+ cyn mod M. The sequence {xn}, xn = yn/M, is a sequence of pseudorandom numbers of the maximal period length M/2 if and only if a + c ≡ 1 (mod 4), b ≡ 2 (mod 4). In this note, the uniformity is investigated by the 2-dimensional serial test for the sequence. We follow closely the method o...

OBJECTIVES In Finland, testing cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) is popular in health promotion programs and work ability evaluations. The most common instruments used for this purpose are the submaximal cycle ergometer test, and the 2-km walking test. However, limited data exist on the associations between VO2max and wellbeing in working age adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate how th...

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The RAND unrestricted draft series is intended to transmit preliminary results of RAND research. Unrestricted drafts have not been formally reviewed or edited. The views and conclusions expressed are tentative. A draft should not be cited or quoted without permission of the author, unless the preface grants such permission. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionm...

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