In a graph G = ( V , E ), two edges e 1 and 2 are said to have common edge if there exists an ∈ ) different from such that joins vertex of in . That is, 〈 〉 is either P 4 or K 3 A non-empty set D ⊆ open packing no The maximum cardinality the number denoted by ρ o ). this paper, we initiate study on parameter.

Using the idea of ic-open sets, we introduce and investigate topological qualities an ic-closure, ic-interior, ic-limit points, ic-derived, ic-border, ic-frontier, ic-exterior a set. Introduce concepts "ic-continuous mappings," "ic-open "ic-irresolute "ic-totally continuous "ic-homeomorphism," then look into some properties these mappings

Given a theory T extending that of dense linear orders without endpoints (DLO), in a language L ⊇ {<}, we are interested in extensions T ′ of T in languages extending L by unary relation symbols that are each interpreted in models of T ′ as sets that are both dense and codense in the underlying sets of the models. There is a canonically “wild” example, namely, T = Th(〈R, <,+, ·〉) and T ′ = Th(〈...