We have extensively studied microbial metabolism of toxic compounds with a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen, such as nitriles [R–CN] . In the Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 strain, nitrile is hydrated to amide by nitrile hydratase (NHase), followed by degradation to acid by amidase. This strain’s NHase was previously used for the industrial acrylamide production and is now used for the pro...

In this paper, I give a personal view on the development of the field of spatial econometrics during the past 30 years. I argue that it has moved from the margins to the mainstream of applied econometrics and social science methodology. I distinguish three broad phases in the development, which I refer to as preconditions, take off and maturity. For each of these phases I describe the main meth...

This paper explores long wave theory, including Kondratieff’s theory of cycles in production and relative prices; Kuznets’ theory of cycles arising from infrastructure investments; Schumpeter`s theory of cycles due to waves of technological innovation; Goodwin`s theory of cyclical growth based on employment and wage share dynamics; Keynes – Kaldor – Kalecki demand and investment oriented theori...