We discuss a new applied probability model: there is a system whose evolution is described by a Markov chain (MC) with known transition matrix on a discrete state space and at each moment of a discrete time a decision maker can apply one of three possible actions: continue, quit, and restart MC in one of a finite number of fixed “restarting” points. Such a model is a generalization of a model d...

In wavelength-routed WDM networks, blocking probability of lightpath establishments is generally high due to coarse granularity and wavelength continuity constraint. Therefore, blocking of lightpath establishments is one of crucial issues which must be resolved. Multifiber environments reduce blocking probability of lightpath establishments because each link consists of multiple fibers and mult...

When two successive stimuli are presented within 0-200 ms intervals, the recognition of the first stimulus (the target) can be impaired by the second (the mask). This backward masking phenomenon has a form called metacontrast masking where the target and the mask are in close spatial proximity but not overlapping. In that case, the masking effect is strongest for interval of 60-100 ms. To under...

We present a deterministic mathematical model for malaria transmission with waning immunity. The model consists of five non-linear system of differential equations. We used next generation matrix to derive the basic reproduction number R0. The disease free equilibrium was computed and its local stability has been shown by the virtue of the Jacobean matrix. Moreover, using Lyapunov function theo...

BACKGROUND Falls cause more than 60% of head injuries in older adults. Lack of objective evidence on the circumstances of these events is a barrier to prevention. We analyzed video footage to determine the frequency of and risk factors for head impact during falls in older adults in 2 long-term care facilities. METHODS Over 39 months, we captured on video 227 falls involving 133 residents. We...

Central pressure augmentation is associated with greater backward wave amplitude and shorter transit time and is higher in women for reasons only partially elucidated. Augmentation also is affected by left ventricular function and shapes of the forward and backward waves. The goal of this study was to examine the relative contributions of forward and backward wave morphology to central pressure...

We investigate the role of sufficient statistics in generalized probabilistic data mining and machine learning software frameworks. Some issues involved in the specification of a statistical model type are discussed and we show that it is beneficial to explicitly include a sufficient statistic and functions for its manipulation in the model type’s specification. Instances of such types can then...

We consider the problem of synthesizing policies, in domains where actions have probabilistic effects, that are optimal in the expected-case among the optimal worst-case strong policies. Thus we combine features from nondeterministic and probabilistic planning in a single framework. We present an algorithm that combines dynamic programming and model checking techniques to find plans satisfying ...

A scheme is described for locally Bayesian parameter updating in models structured as successions of component functions. The essential idea is to back-propagate the target data to interior modules, such that an interior component's target is the input to the next component that maximizes the probability of the next component's target. Each layer then does locally Bayesian learning. The approac...

We present an exactly solvable risk-minimizing stochastic differential game for flood management in rivers sustainable and adaptive water management. The streamflow dynamics follow equations driven by a Lévy process. An entropic dynamic risk measure is employed to evaluate under model uncertainty. problem solved via Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman–Isaacs equation. explicitly derive optimal mitigation p...